Quest 1 Earth Science

Rocks

Naturally occurring solid material that makes up the surface of the Earth

What are Igneous rocks made up of

Minerals

Naturally occurring

Not man made- made by the Earth

Organic

Made from a living thing

Inorganic

Made from a non living thing

Most common rock forming minerals are

Silicates

Monominerallic

Contains only one mineral, mineral sample

Polyminerallic

Contains multiple minerals

How are Igneous rocks formed

Melting and then solidification

Magma

Melted rock below the surface of Earth that has a large amount of dissolved gases

Lava

Melted rock above the surface of Earth that has a small amount of dissolved gases

Inter-grown crystals

Crystals that fit together to make a rock

Smaller crystals mean the cooling rate was

Faster

Bigger crystals mean the cooling time was

Longer

Environment of formation

Where rocks form (intrusive or extrusive)

Texture is related to

Crystal size

Intrusive

Forms below the surface at a slower rate

Extrusive

Forms at or above the surface and has small crystals

Mafic

Darker color

Higher density

Indicator minerals are Pyroxene and Olivine

Felsic

Light color

Low density

Indicator minerals are Quartz and K-spar

Silicates

Contain Silicon and Oxygen

Most abundant

Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron (pyramid with four sides)

Carbonates

Contains Carbon and Oxygen

Reacts with acid

Sulfides

Made of sulfur and one or more metals

Iron oxide

Technical term for rust

Contains ONLY iron and oxygen

Ores

Contains a highly sought after material

Physical properties of minerals are controlled by the

Internal arrangement of atoms

Crystal shape

The manner in which a mineral grows

Minerals have to be/have:

Naturally occurring

Inorganic

Crystalline solid

A definite chemical composition

A consistent arrangement of atoms

On a contour map, the contour lines make a v where they meet a river. The wide end of the v points

To where the river flows

Altitude of Polaris tells you

Your latitude

You can see Polaris

In the northern hemisphere

The Earths shape is

An oblate spheroid

You calculate the time by

1) find the # of degrees you are away from the Prime Meridian

2) divide by 15

3) add if east, subtract if west

Percent error is

Accepted minus wrong over accepted times 100

Aristotle’s method was

1) Find angle

2) find distance of outer edge

3) divide 360 by angle

4) multiply distance by quotient

mL is the same as

cm