DNA and RNA, DNA and RNA

nucleotide

DNA monomer made of posphorus, base, and ribose sugar

nucleosome

DNA wrapped around a protein

Deoxyribose sugar

a five carbon sugar without an oxygen on carbon 2

bases

adnine, guanin, cytosine, thymine

purines

2 carbon rings

adnine and guanin are purines

pyrimidines

1 carbon ring

cytosine, uracil, thymine

bases that bond together

adnine+thymine (2 bonds)

guanine+ cytosine (3 bonds)

HYDROGEN BONDING

be able to draw dna

Chromosomes

segments of unique DNA, 46 total per cell found in pairs

Gene

A part of DNA used for protein coding

DNA Replication

the process of making identical copies of DNA before cell division

RNA

Ribonucleic Acid; A type of nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose; A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages

RNA

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic Acid; A nucleic acid found in the nucleus of all living cells, which carries the organism's hereditary information.

nucleic acid

Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. There are two kinds of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. Lots of nucleotides linked together.

Erwin Chargaff

Discovered the base-pair rule in DNA.

Rosalind Franklin

Used X-ray diffraction to identify DNA as a double helix.

Watson and Crick

Created the first accurate model of DNA.

Type of bond between bases

Weak Hydrogen bonds

Bases held together by 3 hydrogen bonds

Guanine and Cytosine

Bases held together by 2 hydrogen bonds

Adenine and Thymine

DNA Replication

DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new home each side of the DNA strand attack to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact copies. It is important in puberty and other times of growth as it is the reproducing of your cells.

DNA Transcription

the proccess of copying a section of dna in order to make proteins

DNA Translation

The process of assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain based on a sequence of nucleotides (mRNA

DNA polymerase

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

Codon

A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

Anti-codon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA

Function of DNA

Store and transmit genetic information

Function of RNA

Controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins

Purines

Adenine and Guanine

Pyrimidines

thymine and cytosine

RNA base pairing

A-U G-C

DNA base pairing

A-T; G-C

nucleotides

Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases

Protein

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.

Mutations

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, ultimately creating genetic diversity. Mutations also can occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus.

DNA Strand

sugar phosphate backbone

The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached

Deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

Ribose

RNA contains the sugar

Hydrogen Bond

Polypeptide bond

Bond that attaches amino acids together

Genetic engineering

A technology that includes the process of manipulating or altering the genetic material of a cell resulting in desirable functions or outcomes that would not occur naturally.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

What is the tRNA

its the anti codon

How are proteins made

addition of amino acids from the codons from the mRNA

what does the r in rRNA stand for

ribosomal

What replaces thymine for RNA

Uracil

Nucleotide

___is an enzyme that links the nucleotides during DNA replication

DNA Polymerase

What is produced during transcription?

mRNA

Where does DNA replication take place in the cell?

Nucleus

Where does Transcription and translation take place in the cell?

cytoplasm

mitosis

Cell's division (PMAT) of the nucleus. Final product is 2 cells that are exactly like the parent cell.

meiosis

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

interphase

A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins