IA Esthetics Boards Flashcards - Scientific Concepts

bacteria

one-celled microoragnisms, sometimes called germs or microbes

nonpathogenic

non-disease producing bacteria

pathogenic

disease producing bacteria

viruses

sub-microscopic particles, much smaller than bacteria

parasites

organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism called a host

fungi

produce contagious diseases (ringworm, honeycomb ringworm, nail fungus) include molds or yeasts

sanitation

lowest level of infection control, serves as the foundation of your infection control program

disinfection

second level of infection control, requires products to destroy or kill bacteria and a broad spectrum of viruses

sterilization

most effective level of infection control, kills all microbes

universal precautions

approach to infection control to treat all human blood and body fluids as if they were known to be infectious

blood exposure procedure

-cover wound

-apply pressure

-elevate injured limb

-when bleeding stops, apply bandage

-never use a tourniquet

-always wear gloves

safety data sheets/ labeling products

two important regulations that OSHA has instituted to assist in safe operations

steps of handling chemicals

-tightly cover and label all products for use in the skin care center

-store in a cool, dry area

-purchase chemicals in small quantities

-do not inhale or smell chemical solutions

-avoid contact with skin and eyes, wear protective gloves

-wash hands with soap and water after handling all chemicals

try to avoid spilling, if you spill wipe up all the spills at once

-change chemical solutions in disinfection containers daily, or as recommended by manufacturers

-always follow manufacturer's instructions

cells

basic unit of life

nucleus

control center of cell activities, is vitally important for reproduction

cytoplasm

production department of the cell's activities

cell membrane

outer surface of the cell

epithelial tissue

tissue covers and protects the body surfaces and internal organs

connective tissue

supports, protects, and holds the body together

nerve tissue

carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions

muscular tissue

contracts when stimulated to produce motion

liquid tissue

carries food, waste products, and hormones

brain

controls all body functions

eyes

provide sight

heart

circulates the blood

lungs

supply the blood with oxygen

stomach/intestines

digests food

liver

removes the toxic by products of digestion

kidneys

eliminate water and waste products

skin

largest organ, forms the external protective layer of the body

skeletal

provides the framework of the body

muscular

moves the body

circulatory system

circulates blood through the body

nervous system

sends and receives messages

digestive system

supplies nutrients to the body

excretory system

eliminates waste from the body

respiratory system

controls breathing

endocrine system

controls growth, health, and reproduction

reproductive system

generates new life to perpetuate the new species

integumentary system

covers and protects the entire body

skin phisiology

study of the skin's functions

skin histology

microscopic study of the skin's tissue

epidermis

outer most layer of the skin

epidermis

second layer of the skin

subcutaneous layer

located below dermis, composed primarily of adipose

sudoriferous glands

produce sweat, controlled by the body's nervous system

apocrine glands

sweat glands located under the arms, in the genitals and the nipples.

eccrine glands

sweat glands located throughout the entire body and are most abundant on the forehead, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet

endocrine glands

release secretions into the blood and are known as ductless glands

exocrine glands

release their secretion into ducts

sebaceous glands

continually produce and secrete sebum

protection

skin shields internal tissues from toxins, infectious bacteria, and extreme heat or cold

absorption

certain types of ingredients, along with water and oxygen, are absorbed on the surface of the skin to provide necessary moisture, nourishment, and protection

secretion

the skin secretes sebum that keeps the skin soft, supple, and pliable

excretion

toxins and waste material are released through the sweat glands and pores

regulation

skin regulates the body's temp through shivering and goose bumps or change in blood flow

acne

chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands cause by many different factors

milia

pearly white enclosed cysts

seborrhea

a condition caused by excess secretion of the sebaceous glands

hyperhidrosis

an over production of the perspiration caused by the excessive heat or general body weakness

bromidrosis

foul-smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacteria that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin

anhidrosis

lack of perspiration caused by a failure of the sweat glands

bacterial conjunctivitis

pink eye

herpes simplex

highly contagious viral infection that lies dormant between outbreaks, causes blister like clusters found on the mucus membrane or skin around the mouth, nose, or genital area

tinea

fugal infection affecting the trunk, legs, or arm, characterized by a pink to red rash and itching

dermatitis

an inflammatory disorder of the skin

eczema

characterized by dry or moist lesions, an eruption of the small vesicles and watery discharge

rosacea

chronic inflammatory condition to the face in which the small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed

hyperpigmentation

results from trauma to tissues from acne, burns, injury, or rashes

hypo-pigmentation

patches of the skin that are lighter than your overall skin tone

skin tags

small, elevated growths that can easily be removed by a physician

moles

regular shape, skin colored, or brown, can be flat or raised and are symmetrical

keratoma (seborrheic keratoses)

common noncancerous skin growth

basal cell carcinoma

common malignant lesions that tend to appear translucent, have irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through them

squamous cell carcinoma

irregular, crusted, red papule that occurs in sun exposed areas

melanoma

most dangerous skin growth

primary lesions

macule, patch, papule, plaque, nodule, tumor, wheal, vesicle, pustule

secondary lesions

crust, scale, fissure, ulcer, excoriation, scar, keloid

hair growth cycle

-anagen (longest stage)

-catagen (transition stage, shortest stage)

-telogen (hair sheds, follicle rests, resumes cycle)

hirisutism

typically affects women, causes dark hair to grow in areas of the body where men usually grow hair

hypertichosis

genetically determined and can occur anywhere on the body in both men and women

pH

unit of measurement that indicates whether a substance is acidic, neutral, or alkaline

acidic

more positive hydrogen ions that negative hydroxide ions

alkaline

more hydroxide ions than positive hydrogen ions