L3: Brain and Brainstem

What three main components is the central nervous system (CNS) comprised of?

1- Brain

2- Spinal Cord

3- Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II)

What 4 parts can the brain be divided into?

1- brainstem

2- cerebellum

3- diencephalon

4- cerebrum

What are the four main components that comprise the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

1- most cranial nerves

2- spinal nerves and nerve roots

3- peripheral nerves

4- autonomic and sensory ganglia

What structures are the primary means by which the CNS and PNS communicate?

Neurons

Bundles of axons form ____ ____ in the CNS and ____ ____ in the PNS.

Neuronal tracts, Peripheral nerves

What are the four cells of the CNS?

1- oligodendrocyte

2- astrocyte

3- microglial cell

4- ependymal cells

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?

Form myelin around axons

What is the main function of astrocytes?

To maintain homeostasis in CNS, and is important in forming blood brain barrier (BBB)

What is the main function of microglial cells?

Immune function

What is the main function of ependymal cells?

Help to form and move cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

What are the 2 PNS cell types?

1- Schwann cell

2- Satellite cell

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Produce myelin around axons

What is the main function of satellite cells?

To support cell bodies of neurons, typically found in ganglia

Label this image, include which plane of view you are viewing.

What are the two parts of the cerebrum?

• gray matter

  • Cerebral cortex

  • Sub cortical

• White matter

Which type of gray matter is responsible for receiving sensory input, perception of sensation, giving rise to neurons that project to other parts of the cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord?

Cerebral cortex gray matter

Which type of gray matter is responsible for neural formations?

Subcortical

Is subcortical gray matter superficial or deep to cerebral cortex gray matter?

DEEP

What brain matter (white or gray) contains mostly myelinated axons that connect different parts of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord?

White matter

Are the hemispheres of the brain interconnected?

YES

What are the three types of cortical connection fibers in the brain?

1- Commisural fibers

2- Association Fibers

3- Projection fibers

What does the corpus callosum do and what type of brain matter is it made of?

Connects the left and right hemispheres, white matter

What are the functions of the basal nuclei (ganglia)?

• involved in movement control

• Facilitate wanted movement and inhibit unwanted movement

What is the function of the amygdala?

Emotion

Label the gyri, sulci, and fissure(s).

What are the 5 hemispheres of the brain?

• frontal

• Parietal

• Occipital

• Temporal

• Limbic (deeper)

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

• movement

• Short term memory

• Judgement

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

Sensations

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

Vision

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

• hearing

• Memory

• Emotion

What is the function of the limbic lobe?

Emotion

The precentral gurus contains the ___ ___ ___?

Primary motor cortex

What is the function of the primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus?

Directs body movements on the OPPOSITE SIDE of the body

The post central gyrus contains the ___ ______ ____?

Primary somatosensory cortex

The function of the primary somatosensory cortex in the post central gyrus is?

Receives somatosensory input (touch, pain, temp) from the OPPOSITE SIDE of the body

KNOW THE HOMUNCULUS