EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE - SPANISH ERA

no records

SPANISH REGIME

1591– 1898

Bro. Juan Clemente

started public health services through dispensary in Intramuros

Juan de Peregro

(Dominican Father) Started water sanitation

Dr. Francisco de Balmis

introduced smallpox vaccine

SPANISH REGIME

Creation of position of district, provincial, & national health officers

1878

first Medicus titulares was appointed by the Spanish government. They worked as provincial health officers. A 2-year course consisting of fundamental medical and dental subjects was first offered in UST in 1888.

Spanish regime

Graduates of this course known as cirujanos ministrantes served as male nurses and sanitation inspectors

AMERICAN REGIME 1898-1942

1898-1942

A.R 1898

creation of the Board of Health for Physician

A.R 1899

appointment of the 1st Commissioner of Health

A.R 1901

Act # 157 of the Phil. Commission created a Board of Health for the City of Manila. Subsequently, Act 309 created Provl Health & Mun. Board of Health

A.R 1905

The Asociacion Feminista Filipina founded La Gota de Leche the first center dedicated to the service of mothers and children

A.R 1906

creation of the Bureau of Health

A.R 1912

Fajardo Act (Act # 2156) created Sanitary Divisions. The President of the Sanitary Division (forerunners of the present Municipal Health Officers) took charge of two or three municipalities. Where there were no physicians available, male nurses were assigned to perform the duties of the President, Sanitary Division

A.R 1912

In the same year the Philippine General Hospital, then under the Bureau of Health sent four nurses to Cebu to take care of mothers and their babies

A.R 1912

The St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing in Intramuros, also assigned two nurses to do home visiting in Manila and gave nursing care to mothers and newborn babies from the outpatient obstetrical service of the Philippine General Hospital

A.R 1914

School nursing was rendered by a nurse employed by the Bureau of Health in Tacloban, Leyte.

A.R 1914

In the same year, Reorganization Act No. 2462 created the Office of General Inspection. The Office of District Nursing was organized under this Office was headed by a lady physician, Dr. Rosario Pastor who was also a nurse

Office of District Nursing

This Office was created due to increasing demands for nurses to work outside the hospital, and the need for direction, supervision and guidance of public health nurses.

A.R 1914

Two graduate Filipino nurses, Mrs. Casilang Eustaquio and Mrs. Matilde Azurin were employed for Maternal and Child Health and Sanitation in Manila under an American nurse, Mrs. G. D. Schudder

A.R 1915

Bureau of health renamed Phil. Health Services with a Director Health as its head

A.R 1916-1918

Ms. Perlita Clark took charge of the public health nursing work but abolish due to abolishedlack of funds in 1918

1917

Four graduate nurses paid by the City of Manila were employed to work in the City Schools

1919

PHNsg inaugurated its pioneer work in Tondo, Manila., when a visiting nurse Ms. Balbina Basa was assigned to make a house-to-house visit, hold clinic & dispensary work with especial emphasis on maternal and childcare.

1919

The first Filipino nurse supervisor under the Bureau of Health, Miss Carmen del Rosario was appointed. She succeeded Miss Mabel Dabbs. She had a staff of 84 public health nurses assigned in five health stations. There was a gradual increase of public health nurses and expansion of services

1923

90 PHNs assigned in diff. provinces. Establishment of 2 government Schools of Nursing in Mindanao and Baguio Gen. Hosp in Northern Luzon, primarily intended to train non-Christian women and prepare them to render nursing service among their people

1927

-the Office of District Nursing under the office of General Inspection, Philippine Health Service was abolished and supplanted by the Section of Public Health Nursing.

Mr. Guy L. Edie

1899- 1st commissioner of health

QUEZON PROVINCE, CEBU, BOHOL LEYTE

4 additional schools were established

1927

Mrs. Genera de Guzman acted as consultant to the Director of Health on nursing matters

1928

– 1st nurses convention was held followed by yearly conventions until the advent of WWII. Pre-service training was initiated as a pre-requisite for appointment

1930

Section of Public Nursing was converted into Section of Nursing due to pressing need for guidance in hospital & nursing education

1933

– By virtue of the Reorganization Act # 4007, the Division of Maternal & Child Health of the Office of the Public Welfare Commission was transferred to the Bureau of Health.

1933

Mrs. Soledad Buenafe - became the Assistant Chief Nurse of the Section of Nursing, Bureau of Health. 176 puericulture nurses assigned in Manila and provinces since 1919

1935

Major George Dunham appropriated funds for 133 positions of PHNs for community assignment w/ high IMR, & 23 nurse supervisors to supervise the work in the provinces & 60 nurses including chief nurses for the 4 newly created community health and social centers in diff. district s in Manila.

1940

DOH & Welfare was created, were 6 of the PHNs of the Bureau of Health were transferred in 1941. This formed the nucleus of the present Division of Nursing of the Manila Health Dept., created by virtue of the charter of the City of Manila

1942-1945

JAPANESE REGIME

JAPANESE REGIME

Public Health Nursing services were interrupted

Dec 8, 1941

– PHNs were assigned in devastated areas to attend to the sick and wounded civilians caused by bombing. 12 emergency units were organized; 1 of them was sent to Bataan to attend to the sick and wounded w/c were left by the retreating forces of general Douglas MacArthur.

JUNE 1942

group. of PHNs went to the internment camp in Capaz Tarlac to receive sick prisoners of war released by the Japanese army. They are confined at San Lazaro Hospital & 68 national PHNs were assigned to help the hospital staff take care of them

JULY 22 1942

31 nurses were taken prisoners of war during the Japanese occupation at the Bilibid Prisons in Azcarraga & were released to the Director of the Bureau of Health Dr. Eusebio Aguilar who acted as their guarantor.

FEB 1946

the Bureau of Health showed the increased number of PHNs . In the same year Mrs. Genera de Guzman, technical assistant in the nursing of the Ministry of Health and concurrent President of the Filipino Nurses Association recommended the creation of a nursing office in the Ministry of health.

1947

– Reorganization of govt. offices under E.O # 94, s 1947 w/ the transfer of the Bureau of Public Welfare to the Office of the Pres. & the Dept. was renamed Department of Health (DOH).Mrs. Genara de Guzman was appointed as Chief of the Division, with three Assistants:

1948

first training Center of the Bureau of Health was organized in cooperation with the Pasay City Health Department

1953

the Office of Health Educ. & Personnel Training was created: dR. TRINIDAD GOMEZ AS CHIEF

May 18, 1954

- RA 1082 (Rural Health Unit Act) was passed, implemented in July as of the same year provided for the employment of health personnel, including nurses, who would man the RHU’s, and help raised the conditions of the rural health population

June 1957

– R.A 1891 (An Act Strengthening Health and Dental Services in the Rural Areas and providing Fund Thereof was approved

1975

Formulation of national Health Plan and Restructured Health Care Delivery System

1982

– Under EO #851, the Health education and manpower Development Service was created, and the Bureau of Food and Drugs assumed the function of the FDA

1986

the Ministry of Health became DOH again

1987

The Expanded Program on Immunization and the National Drug Policy (the implementation of Generics Law of 1988) were subsequently given importance

1991

The Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160 was passed and implemented. (the power to decide in public health)

1992

Full Implementation of the Local Government Code. Special projects were highlighted

1993-1998

the National League of Philippine Government Nurses Inc. an organization of government nurses as members through its officers. Board Members and Advisers made repeated representations with the incumbent Secretary of Health to create an office of nursing

1996

Primary Health care as a strategy to attain Health for All by the year 2000 was in focused

1997

most devolution concerns have been partially or fully resolved. Continuous networking with the LGUs and private sectors to assure the health programs were implemented with the fullest efficiency and effectiveness.

1999

–Creation of the National Health Plan Committees (NHPC) and he establishment of Inter Local Health Zones (ILHZ) throughout the country through EO 205. This promotes, encourages, and ensures the full and integration of delivery and development of healthcare services throughout the country

May 24,1999

EO 102 was signed by Pres. Estrada redirecting the functions and operations of the DOH, wherein most of the nursing positions of the Central Office were either transferred or devolved to other offices and services

1999 – 2004

Health Sector Reform Agenda of Agenda of the Philippines was launched. The reforms are to provide fiscal autonomous to government hospital, secure funding for priority health programs and expand coverage of the National Health Insurance Program

2004

The DOH launched FOURmula One for Health to ensure speed, precision and effective coordination towards improving the efficiency, effectiveness and equity of Health care Delivery.

Clinician or Health Care Provider

Utilizes the nursing process in the care of the client in the home setting through home visits and in public or government health facilities

teacher

Utilizes teaching skills to improve the health knowledge, skills and attitudes of the individual, family and community and conducts health information campaigns

Coordinator and Collaborator

aim is to get people to work together in order to address problems or concerns that affects them.

Coordinator and Collaborator

Establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other health professionals, government agencies, private sector to address health problems

Manager /Supervisor

Monitors and supervises the performance of midwives, and other auxiliary health workers. Conducts meetings to different RHMs and gives feedback on accomplishments

Manager /Supervisor

initiates the formulation of staff development and training programs for the staff and other auxiliary health workers

Manager /Supervisor

interprets and implement program policies, memoranda and circulars

Manager /Supervisor

organizes work force, resources, equipment and supplies and delivery of health care at local levels

leader and change agent

- Influences people to participate in the overall process of community development

- Identifies and interprets training needs of RHMs, BHWs/Volunteers and Hilots. Formulates/designs appropriate training programs

- Provides and arranges training and learning experiences for nursing and midwife affiliates. Conducts trainings for health personnel

• Health Educator / Trainer

Acts as resource speaker on health and health related services as the need arises. Participates in the development and distribution of IEC materials

Health Planner/Programmer

• Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and communities.

• Responsible for the formulation of the municipal health plan.

• Provides technical assistance to RHMs in health matters

Epidemiologist

• Uses epidemiological method to study diseases and health among population groups and to deal with community-wide health problems

• Collects data on health problems and care

Recorder/Reporter/Statistician

• Prepares and submits required records and reports

• Review, validates, consolidates, analyzes and interprets all records and reports

• Maintain adequate, accurate and complete recording and reporting

Researcher

Participates in the conduct of research and utilizes findings in practice

Community organizer

Responsible for motivating and enhancing community participation in terms of planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating health programs/services - Initiates and participates in community development activities

Community Leader

being a leader, role model and respected in the community, the CHN is in a better position to empower others

empowerment

is giving influence to others, for a purpose of personal and organization growth.