IEB Life Sciences Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and facts from the IEB Life Sciences curriculum related to human reproduction, hormonal functions, and the processes of gametogenesis.

What is the function of oestrogen in females during puberty?

Oestrogen is responsible for physical growth in girls and the development of secondary sex characteristics such as breasts and hips.

What role does progesterone play during pregnancy?

Progesterone maintains the endometrium and keeps the uterus muscles relaxed.

What are the two main modes of reproduction?

Asexual and Sexual.

What is binary fission?

A form of asexual reproduction where bacteria and protists divide by mitosis, resulting in two identical cells.

What is the role of the testes in the male reproductive system?

The testes make sperm and secrete testosterone.

What are the main components of semen?

Semen is composed of sperm and fluid from the Cowper’s glands, seminal vesicle, and prostate gland.

What is the structure that links the ovary to the uterus in the female reproductive system?

The fallopian tube (oviduct).

What happens during puberty in girls?

Sex organs mature, secondary sex characteristics develop, and menstruation begins.

What are primary oocytes and how are they formed?

Primary oocytes (2n) are formed in females before birth and represent the fixed amount available.

What initiates sperm production in males during puberty?

An increase in testosterone due to ICSH/LH from the pituitary gland.