Medical Interventions Unofficial 3.2 Quizlet

Behavioral risk factors

Behaviors that you can change, such as smoking.

Biological risk factors

These are factors that include a person's physical characteristics including gender, race, and age

Environmental risk factors

Toxins found in your surrounding environment that increase your cancer risk, such as radon, asbestos, air pollution, and second hand smoke.

Genetic risk factors

related to genes inherited from the parents, such as BRCA 1 and BRCA2.

DNA mutations

When not repaired, can potentially lead to cancer

Lifestyle changes

Easiest method and cheapest method to reduce cancer risk through healthy habits. Changes one can make to their lifestyle that can reduce the risk of cancer

UV photons

Skin cancer is caused by the damage that they cause to the cells in DNA.

p53 protein

Regulates cell cycle and repairs DNA damage.

Skin cancer

Most common cancer type in the US.

ABCDE guide

Self-exam criteria for melanoma detection.

Asymmetry (A)

One half of the mole doesn't match the other.

Irregular borders (B)

Mole edges are not smooth or circular.

Unusual color (C)

Mole has multiple colors or unusual shades.

Diameter (D)

Mole larger than 6 mm is concerning.

Evolution (E)

Changes in mole appearance over time.

Cancer screenings

Tests to check for cancer presence.

Pap smears

Screening test for cervical cancer in females.

Mammograms

X-ray for detecting breast cancer in females.

Prostate exams

Screening for prostate cancer in males.

Secondhand smoke

Tobacco smoke inhaled by non-smokers.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death to eliminate damaged cells.

Protective clothing

Attire designed to shield against UV exposure.

Sunblock

Cream preventing UV damage to skin.

Screenings

Detect cancer early for better survival chances.

Cell Cycle

Process regulating cell growth, division, and death.

Checkpoints

Stations ensuring healthy cell progression and division.

Mutations

Changes in DNA causing abnormal cell behavior.

Proto-oncogenes

Normal genes that can become cancerous when mutated.

Oncogenes

Mutated proto-oncogenes promoting cancer cell characteristics.

Transcription Factor p53

Protein that regulates cell cycle and apoptosis.

BRCA1 and BRCA2

Genes linked to hereditary breast cancer risk.

Gene Abnormalities

Mutations increasing cancer susceptibility in individuals.

Marker Analysis

Test detecting abnormal genes for preventative measures.

Cancerous Phenotype

Characteristics defining cells that proliferate uncontrollably.

Increased Cell Division

Higher rate of cell replication associated with cancer.

Decreased Cell Differentiation

Reduced specialization of cells in cancerous growth.

Inhibition of Cell Death

Prevention of apoptosis leading to cancer cell survival.

DNA Sequencing

Method for identifying genetic mutations in cancer.

Hereditary Cancer

Cancer passed through generations due to genetic factors.

Cancer Risk Percentage

Normal women have 10% chance; BRCA mutation raises to 80%.

Enzymes

Proteins aiding in biochemical reactions within cells.

Transcription Factors

Proteins regulating gene expression and cell function.

Cancer-causing Agents

Factors like chemicals and UV causing DNA damage.

Cell Proliferation

Rapid increase in cell numbers, characteristic of tumors.

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes preventing uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

BRCA2 Gene

Gene linked to breast cancer risk when mutated.

Mutation

Change in DNA sequence affecting gene function.

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

DNA sequences with repeating patterns, used as markers.

Allele

Variant form of a gene at a specific locus.

Proto-oncogene

Normal gene that can become an oncogene when mutated.

Gel Electrophoresis

Technique separating DNA fragments by size.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Method amplifying specific DNA segments for analysis.

Familial Cancers

Cancers occurring in families without clear hereditary patterns.

Genetic Marker

DNA sequence associated with a specific gene.

Cancer Screening

Process of testing for cancer presence or risk.

Nucleotide

Basic unit of DNA, consisting of a base, sugar, and phosphate.

Introns

Non-coding regions of DNA within genes.

Allelic Variation

Differences in alleles among individuals in a population.

Cancer Risk Factors

Genetic or environmental factors increasing cancer likelihood.

Family History

Record of health conditions among family members.

DNA Extraction

Process of isolating DNA from cells.

Amplified DNA

Increased quantity of DNA for analysis.

Cancer Prevalence

Frequency of cancer occurrence in a population.

Genetic Testing

Analyzing DNA to identify genetic disorders or risks.

Cancer Susceptibility Gene

Gene with a mutation increasing cancer risk.

DNA Marker Analysis

Technique to identify alleles using DNA fragments.

Rf Value

Ratio of band distance to reference distance.

Fragment Length

Size of DNA fragments measured in millimeters.

Line of Best Fit

Line that best represents plotted data points.

Moderate Intensity Activity

150-300 minutes of exercise weekly for adults.

Vigorous Intensity Activity

75-150 minutes of intense exercise weekly.

Sedentary Behavior

Activities involving prolonged sitting or inactivity.

Healthy Eating Pattern

Diet rich in nutrients for healthy body weight.

Whole Fruits

Fruits consumed in their natural, unprocessed state.

Prophylactic Surgeries

Preventive surgeries to reduce cancer risk.

Cancer-Causing Viruses

Viruses linked to the development of cancer.

HPV Virus

Virus causing cervical cancer in over 80% of cases.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Virus associated with liver cancer.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Another virus linked to liver cancer.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Virus linked to several cancer types.

Vaccination

Preventive measure against cancer-causing viruses.

Virologists

Scientists studying viruses and their cancer links.

Cancer Screenings

Routine tests to detect cancer early.

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Screening method for detecting colorectal cancer.

Lung Cancer Screening

Test to identify lung cancer in individuals.

Skin Cancer Screening

Examination for early signs of skin cancer.

Nutrition Guidelines for Children

At least 1 hour of daily physical activity.

Zolgensma other name

onasemnogene abeparvovec-xio

Zolgensma

gene therapy treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

rare genetic disease that affects motor neurons and causes muscle weakness and paralysis

How Zolgesma works

The AAV9 Virus takes the SMN1 gene within itself and takes it to motor neurons in the body and allows the body to produce the SMN1 gene.

Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) Protein function

helps maintain motor neurons, which transmit signals from the brain to muscles

Mutagenic Properties

capable of causing changes to the DNA of the cells that get exposed to it.

Smoking and Lung Cancer

Increases the risk of the disorder

Cell Phone Use and Brain Cancer

Increases the risk of the disorder

Sexual Activity and Cervical Cancer

Increases the risk of the disorder

Diet High in Antioxidants and Colon Cancer

Decreases the risk of the disorder

Use of Antiperspirants and Breast Cancer

Increases the risk of the disorder

Oral Contraceptives and Ovarian Cancer

Increases the risk of the disorder

Moderate Exercise and Colon Cancer

Decreases the risk of the disorder