Adv Zoology: 3.1-3.3 quiz

How many identified living species right now? What group has the most?

3.1 million, insecta has the most species with 14,000 species of just ants alone

Heterotrophic

Animals that need to ingest/absorb/engluf their food, humans

Autotroph

Animals that make their food, plants

What are characteristics of animal multicellular eukaryotic organisms?

No cell walls, not all cells look the same (protein cells, nerve cells, etc.), have nervous tissue and muscle tissue

Zygote

Sperm and egg cell together

Gametes

Sperm and egg cells separately

Mitosis

The process of cell division

Gastrulation

The process after mitosis when an embryo is formed, the beginning of all life forms

Morula

8 celled organism after first steps of mitosis

Blastula

Multicellular organism after the morula under goes more mitosis, has a hollow center

Blastoceol

Hollow center of the blastula

Gastrula

The organism when the first pore is formed, is still hollow on the inside with the blastopore forming at the bottom

Blastopore

Pore in the gastrula

Ectoderm

First layer of skin, the outer shell, is responsible for skin, fur, and/or some bones

Endoderm

Central layer of skin, responsible for glands, lungs, and digestive tubing in gi systems called the archenteron

Archenteron

Inner most tubing in the gi systems, made by the endoderm

Mesoderm

The second tissue layer responsible for the muscles, ligaments, tissues, heart, other organs, and connective tissues

Diploblastic

Have both ectoderm and endoderm tissue layers

Triploblastic

Have all 3 layers of tissue; ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Body cavity

Also called the coelum, created with the mesoderm and is responsible for mobility, organ repair, transportation of nutrients and gas, acts as hydro structure around organs in abdomen

Coelum

A true body cavity, where body cavity is surrounded and made by the mesoderm, does not touch endoderm, coelmates have these

Coelmates

Animals that posses a true body cavitym ex; segmented worm

Pseudocoelmates

Have a ‘fake’ body cavity, made with mesoderm and endoderm, one layer of mesoderm and rest is hollow touching endoderm, ex; round worm

A coelmates

No body cavity, entirely filled with the mesoderm, ex; flatworms

What kind of body cavity do vertebrates usually have?

Coelmates, ex; octopuses, squid, humans

What are triploblastic pseudocoelum organisms called?

Pseudocoelumates, ex; roundworms

What are triploblastic organisms that lack a body cavity called?

Acoelmates, filled with mesoderm jellies, ex; flatworms

Protosome

Organism that has a spiral and determinate cleavage (spiraled and all cells have a pre-determined job so each one is vitally important to development) arthropods and mollusks

Duetrosome

Organism whose cleavage is radial and indeterminate (stacked evenly and each individual cell has the ability to develop into a complete embryo) this makes identical twins possible, humans are deutrosomes

3 differences between deutrosomes and protosomes:

1- cleavage pattern: spiral (proto) or radial (deutro)

2- how ceolum formation: budding off of mesoderm (deutro) or splitting mesoderm to create (proto)

3- fate of blastopore: mouth (proto) or anus (deutro)

Germ layers

Usually 2 or 3 layers in an organism; ectoderm, endoderm, and/or mesoderm

What stage can you tell if an organism is a protosome or deutrosome?

Morula stage (8-celled organism stage)