CLP CH7

Mood disorders

Group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.

Major depressive episode

Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.

Mania

Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria, associated with some mood disorders.

Hypomanic episode

Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.

Mixed features

Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode.

If two or more major depressive episodes occurred and were separated by at least 2 months during which the individual was not depressed, the major depressive disorder is noted as being ___ .

recurrent

Persistent depressive disorder

A mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.

Double depression

A condition where a person suffers from both persistent depressive disorder and major depressive episodes, leading to a more severe form of depression.

Bipolar I disorder is the alternations between major depressive episodes and ___ episodes

manic

Bipolar II disorder is the alternations between major depressive disorder and ___ episodes.

hypomanic

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.

Mood disorders are related to low levels of ___ , which regulates norepinephrine and dopamine.

serotonin

Mood disorders may be misdiagnosed as ___.

ADHD

Women account for ___ cases of major depressive disorder.

70%

About __% of patients benefit from antidepressant medication.

50

About __% achieve normal functioning after receiving antidepressant medication.

25

Lithium Carbonate

is a medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and can help stabilize mood swings.

A downside of lithium carbonate is that

it is toxic in large amounts and the dose must be carefully monitored.

Lithium carbonate is effective for about __% of patients

50

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Significant depressive symptoms occurring prior to menses during the majority of cycles, leading to distress or impairment.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Severe temper outbursts occurring frequently, against a backdrop of angry or irritable mood; diagnosed only in children 6 to 18.

Catatonia

A state marked by a lack of movement, response, or communication, often associated with severe mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

An individual with bipolar disorder who experiences at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year is considered to have a ____, which appears to be a severe variety of bipolar disorder that does not respond well to standard treatments.

rapid-cycling pattern

Approximately __ of patients with bipolar experience rapid cycling.

20% to 50%

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.

Women attempt suicide _ than men and are _ successful

more ; less

__ is the mood disorder that yield the most impulsive deaths by suicide.

Borderline personality disorder