Human Anatomy and Physiology Exam Review #2

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to human anatomy and physiology, focusing on tissues, bones, skin, and physiological functions relevant for Exam Review #2.

The four main types of tissues found in the human body are __.

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Glands are classified by whether the ducts are __ or unbranched.

branched

The most common location for __ tissue is subcutaneous tissue.

adipose

One difference between the male and female pelvis is that the pubic arch of female is generally __.

wider

The skeleton can be divided into two parts: Appendicular and __ skeletons.

Axial

The air sacs (alveoli) of the lung are lined with __ epithelium.

simple squamous

The type of tissue responsible for pumping blood is __ tissue.

muscle

The muscle tissue that is small, spindle-shaped and found in the wall of hollow organs is __ muscle.

smooth

Another name for the subcutaneous layer is __.

hypodermis

The skin layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is the __ layer.

epidermis

The occipital bone is classified as a __ bone.

flat

The processes of ossification include __ and intramembranous ossification.

endochondral

Joints can be classified into __ types including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

different

A fracture of a bone accompanied by recurrent pain in a particular area is called a __ fracture.

stress

Dense regular connective tissue is characterized by __ collagen fibers orientated in the same direction.

parallel

Apocrine sweat glands are characterized by __ secretion.

merocrine

The total number of bones in the Appendicular skeleton is __.

126

The total number of bones in the Axial skeleton is __.

80

The "yes" bones in the vertebrae are the vertebrae, while the "no" bones are the vertebrae.

cervical; atlas and axis

The middle ear consists of three small bones called __.

ossicles

The functions of skin nerve endings include __ sensation.

pain, temperature, touch

In connective tissue, the matrix consists of __ and various fibers.

ground substance

The types of connective tissues include __, adipose, cartilage, and bone.

loose connective tissue

Ground substance is located __ within connective tissue.

in the extracellular matrix

The common polysaccharide found in ground substance is __.

hyaluronic acid

The fibers seen embedded in the matrix of connective tissue are __ and elastin fibers.

collagen

Reticular fibers help form a __ supporting framework for soft organs.

net-like

The layer of skin that will bleed slightly when cut is the __.

dermis

In pregnant women, sudden weight increases may cause a curvature in the __ column referred to as lordosis.

lumbar

The cell junction that anchors adjacent cells and resists separation during contractions is called __.

desmosomes

The thin extracellular layer found in epithelial tissues is the __ membrane.

basement

The tissue lining the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels is __ tissue.

endothelial

The most superficial layer of skin is the __.

epidermis

The characteristics of epithelial tissue include being __ and having a high rate of regeneration.

avascular

The type of epithelial tissue that forms glands is __ epithelium.

glandular

The tissue that lines the respiratory tract and fallopian tubes is __ epithelium.

ciliated columnar

Transitional epithelial cells are most likely to be found in the __.

bladder

There are three types of muscle cells: skeletal, cardiac, and __.

smooth

The function of sudoriferous glands is to __.

excrete sweat

The main function of dense connective tissues is to provide __.

strength and support

The connective tissue used mainly for support within the skeletal system is __ tissue.

bone

The basic unit of compact bone tissue is called __.

osteon

The composition of spongy bone is mainly made of __.

trabeculae

The matrix in blood tissue is __.

plasma

Types of epithelial membranes in the human body include __ and serous membranes.

mucous membranes

The type of membrane that lines a body cavity not opening directly to the outside is __ membrane.

serous

Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called __.

stem cells

Elevated bilirubin levels in a patient with liver disease can lead to __ jaundice.

bilirubin

Bone cells responsible for secreting matrix during ossification are called __.

osteoblasts

The tissue that has more than one nucleus and is voluntary is __ muscle.

skeletal

Excitable cells that can carry electrical impulses are __.

neurons

Keratinization is the process by which __ cells become hardened.

epithelial

The layer of skin composed mainly of connective tissue is the __.

dermis

Albinism is defined as a condition of __ pigment deficiency.

skin

The structure of the skin that plays an important role in thermoregulation is __.

sweat glands

Skin structures preventing water loss and inhibiting bacterial growth are known as __.

sebum

Fine non-pigmented hair that covers the body of the fetus is called __.

lanugo