Muscle Histology and Physiology

What characterizes the three types of muscle tissue?

What are the five properties of muscle tissue?

What is meant by the statement “muscles are excitable cells? Explain the statement, “Muscles only contract.”

know the terminology for the muscular system discussed in lecture (myofiber, myofibril, origin, insertion, etc.)

which types are voluntary/involuntary and striated/nonstriated

What is epimysium? Perimysium? Endomysium? What structures are contained in each of these CTs?

Make sure you know the terms muscle, fascicle, myofiber, myofibril, sarcomere, myofilaments and what structure they represent

What is the structure of a myofiber? A myofibril? A sarcomere?

What is the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

know the structure and functions of skeletal muscle, the neuromuscular junction, and a sarcomere. Make sure you can identify
the proteins in the sarcomere

what are the structures at the neuromuscular junction? What is the neurotransmitter used? What ion is important in muscle
contraction and where is it stored

What is the function of troponin? Tropomyosin? Actin? Myosin? ATP?

Know all the steps of excitation-contraction coupling and cross-bridge formation in skeletal muscle. What is the power stroke and
how is it controlled

Why is ATP required for skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation?

What are the factors effecting whole muscle contraction? What is a motor unit? What type of motor units are required for fine
control? For powerful contractions

What is recruitment?

17. What are the components of a muscle twitch? What is treppe? Summation? Incomplete tetanus? Complete tetanus?

18. Why does a muscle fatigue?

19. What is quantal summation? Frequency summation?

20. What are the factors that influence the force that a muscle can exert? What is the force-velocity relationship? The length-tension
relationship?

21. Compare/contrast fast twitch and slow twitch muscles. What characterizes the three types of muscle fibers and how are they used
in muscle contraction?

22. What are the elastic components in a whole muscle and how do they influence muscle contraction?

23. How do muscles get the ATP required for contraction? Make sure you understand the slide on Muscle Metabolism.

24. What factors limit exercise? Which type of ATP production is the best for long-term exercise? What type of exercise should you
do to reduce body mass?

25. What is an isotonic contraction? An isometric contraction? What is meant by a concentric contraction? An eccentric contaction?
26. How does the fascicle arrangement of a whole muscle influence the type of contractions

26. How does the fascicle arrangement of a whole muscle influence the type of contractions