Osmosis/Diffusion

Substances that move freely

O2, CO2

Substances that do not pass as freely

Protein, sugars (larger molecules)

Why does sugar need to enter cells?

Respiration

Why does protein need to exit cells

Hormones, keratin etc

Diffusion

Movement of molecules (gases+liquids) from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive.

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. passive

Active Transport

Movement of molecules from a less crowded to a more crowded area WITH the use of energy. Molecules ‘carried’ into or out of the cell using some of the cell’s energy

What will cells using active transport have a lot of?

Mitochondria

Permeable

Let everything in and out

Semi permeable

Let some things in and out

Impermeable

Let nothing in and out

Isotonic

A solution that contains the same concentration of water and solutes. Cell remains intact. Nothing happens

Hypotonic

High water concentration, low solute concentration

Hypertonic

High solute concentration, low water concentration

What happens to animal cell in a hypotonic solution?

Water comes in, swells, may burst

What happens to an animal cell in an isotonic solution?

Remains intact. Constant flow of water in and out

What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?

Water exits the cell. Starts to shrink and shrivel. Known as crenation

Crenation

When an animal cell shrivels up and may die in a hypertonic solution

Turgor

When the outside water enters the plant cell the vacuole becomes bigger and the cytoplasm swells. Membrane pushed out towards the cell wall.

Turgid

swelled plant cell

Turgor pressure

Gives plants strength

Plasmolysis

Cell wall stays intact but the membrane shrivels up away from it