Unit One: Slavery and Secession

Manifest Destiny

The idea that the destiny of the United States was to spread from sea to shining sea

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's cabin

Fugitive Slave Act

Law saying that slaves who escaped were to be returned to their owners in the south

Missouri Compromise

Agreement stating that Missouri would enter the union as a slave state and then all future decisions would be made based on the 36th parallel

36th Parallel

Line that determined if states would be slave or free - north of the line - free and south of the line - slave to the south

Kansas Nebraska Act

People living in the states of Nebraska and Kansas decide on their own - whether each state will be slave or free - based on popular sovereignty. Makes the Mo. Comp. useless

James Buchanan

President of the United States before the Civil War

Election of Lincoln

Turning point in the United States - causes the state government in South Carolina to secede from the Union

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederacy

Martin Robison Delaney

Doctor and writer who founded the African American newspaper - "The Mystery"

William Lloyd Garrison

Author and editor of "The Liberator"

Solomon Northrup

Freed man, who was kidnapped and placed into slavery - later wrote "12 Years a Slave" about his time in captivity

Frederick Douglas

Born a slave, he escaped to the north, then wrote for "The North Star" and became an advisor to Abraham Lincoln. One of the most famous abolitionists.

Harriet Tubman

Most famous conductor of the underground railroad, went to the south at least 19 times to save slaves.

John Brown

Lead a failed raid on Harper's Ferry and was found guilty of treason and hung

Mary Peake

Taught former slaves and freed persons at Fort Monroe under what would become known as the Emancipation Oak.

Nat Turner

Lead a famous slave rebellion that killed over 50 white people - and was hung. The results made rules in the south even harsher than before

Sojourner Truth

Was born a slave, escaped, and became a well known speaker and abolitionist - who wrote "Ain't I a Woman"

Dred Scott

Slave that lived with his owner in free territory, sued for his freedom and lost. The courts determined that any black person, free or slave, could not be a US citizen

Abraham Lincoln

Elected president in 1860 - would lead the country through a Civil War

Brooks and Sumner

One senator attacked another senator during a meeting so badly with a cane, that the injured couldn't walk well for years.

Fort Monroe

Location of Mary Peake's first school, and a refuge for slaves who had escaped from their plantation

"A House Divided"

Famous speech given by Lincoln where he stated his belief that the United States would not survive as long as half the country wanted slavery, and half didn't

Mexican American War

War fought in response to the United States and the annexation of Texas

Annexation of Texas

Texas wanted to be removed from Mexico and requested to be added to the United States

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson purchases thousands of acres of land from France for around 4 cents an acre.

Compromise of 1850

agreement that California would enter the union as a free state, and that the territories would be ruled with popular sovereignty in regards to slavery, and established the Fugitive Slave Act

Secession

When Lincoln was elected president, states started to leave the union - what was this called?

Wilmot Proviso

attempted to block slavery from all parts of land gained from the Mexican American War

Sack of Lawrence

Pro-Slavery activists attacked and destroyed the city viewed as the center of the anti-slavery movement.

Pottawatomie Massacre

In response to the Sack of Lawrence, John Brown led anti-slavery forces into a pro-slavery town and killed 5 people and injuring more.

"Crimes Against Kansas"

Charles Sumner gave a speech entitled this during a Senate meeting. It was about all the violence in Kansas

Dred Scott Decision

Supreme Court decision stating that African Americans were NOT citizens and could not sue their freedom.

Harper's Ferry

John Brown attempted to take over the arsenal and lead a slave rebellion in this strategic town

Bleeding Kansas

Nickname of a state that was so violent in the time leading up to the Civil War that it almost had a small "Civil War" of its own

Kansas - Nebraska Act

Negated the Missouri Compromise by stating that "popular sovereignty" would determine whether or not states would be free.

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War - won by the confederacy

Erie Canal

Man made body of water that connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson Bay in New York City

Immigration in the north

Most immigrants were coming into this part of the country to work in factories.

Mexican-American War

This section of territory (the southwest portion of the United States today) was won during what conflict?

The Louisiana Purchase

What territory/land purchase is represented by this image?

Free-Soil Party

Party that developed during the era of popular sovereignty (due to the Kansas Nebraska Act) to try and convince people of the evils of slavery

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas believed that the people would elect the candidate who believed in what they wanted - slavery or the abolishment of slavery - popular sovereignty would naturally make the decision for them