health final review

genetics, environment, lifestyle

3 main risk factors that contribute to a person’s health

social, occupational, intellectual, physical, financial, environment, emotional, spiritual

8 dimensions of health

infectious (communicable) diseases

Illnesses caused by harmful organisms (pathogens) that get into your body from the outside. Pathogens that cause ________ are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. You can get ________ from other people, bug bites and contaminated food, water or soil.

bacterial, viral, fungal, parasites

4 main types of germs (pathogens)

viral

Not treatable with antibiotics, COVID, Common Cold

bacterial

Treatable with antibiotics, Strep Throat

fungal

Not treatable with antibiotics, Athletes Foot

parasite

Treatable with antibiotics, Malaria

passive immunity

Temporary immunity, born with immunity from mothers

active immunity

Immunity gained after antibodies are produced by the body in response to a pathogen

prevention of communicable diseases

1. hand washing
2. mask wearing
3. social distance
4. not sharing personal items

lymphocytes

White blood cells, the fighting cells, are a key part of the immune system.

phagocytes

Any cell that is capable of engulfing other foreign entities or objects.

antibodies

Produced when a certain antigen is detected as foreign inside of the body.

vaccination

Provide temporary or long term immunity against a certain pathogen.

antibiotics

Medicines to help stop infection from bacteria.

relapse

When an illness comes back after being close to being fought off, because of a poor health status.

chlamydia symptoms

Many do not develop symptoms, but may include pain in the eyes, lower abdomen, or discharge from penis/ vagina.

syphilis symptoms

Three stages, with the first stage showing painless sores on the genitals, rectum or mouth. The second stage presents a rash, and the third stage can result in brain, nerve, and heart damage.

gonorrhea symptoms

Painful urination and abnormal discharge from genitals.

HIV transmitted

Contact with HIV infected blood or with the mucous membranes of an infected individual.

blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast-milk

4 bodily fluids that are able to transmit HIV

prevention of an STD

* abstinence
* wearing protection
* not sharing needles

symptoms of herpes

pain, itching, sores. Can form ulcers and scabs.

symptoms of HIV

Flu-like symptoms present for a few weeks. Lays asymptomatic until it progresses into AIDS.

symptoms of HPV

Usually presents no symptoms. May form warts or ulcers on the genitals.

hormonal contraceptive

prevents the release of an egg from your ovaries into the uterus

non-hormonal contraceptive

prevents pregnancy by providing a barrier against sperm

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

An infection of the female reproductive organs.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants itself outside of the uterus, usually inside of the fallopian tubes.

Congenital

A disease present from birth.

abstinence

The choice to avoid sex all together. The only way to 100% prevent an STD or a pregnancy.

asymptomatic

A disease which when present shows no symptoms.

silent carrier

When someone has an undiagnosed STD, usually a disease which is asymptomatic most of the time, such as Chlamydia.

great imitator

The nickname for Syphilis, because its symptoms present itself as multiple other diseases.

genetics, environment, lifestyle

3 risk factors for a non-infectious disease

environment

living in an area with tremendous levels of air pollution will increase your risk for diseases or cancers such as lung cancer or heart disease.

lifestyle

refraining from physical exercise or eating a poor diet can affect your nutrition, increase your risk of diabetes, which can increase your risk for multiple other diseases, like heart disease.

genetics

having a family history or a genetic history of strokes means you may have a greater risk of having a stroke later in life, for example.

cardiovascular disease

a disease of the heart and blood vessels

causes of cardiovascular disease

* Buildup of plaque caused by a poor diet, smoking, alcohol abuse, stress, etc.

treatment for cardiovascular disease

Lifestyle changes, medications, surgery (stents), pacemakers.

prevention of cardiovascular disease

Live a healthy lifestyle such as getting exercise and eating a good diet, avoid alcohol and tobacco and those who abuse these substances.

hypertension

* often known as the “silent killer”
* high blood pressure

stroke

When blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, resulting in the death of neurons in that region of the brain.

melanoma

The most serious type of skin cancer - it has the ability to spread to other organs in the body.

a - asymmetry

b - border

c - color

d - diameter

e - evolving

how to tell if a mole is cancerous

ways to reduce risk of skin cancer

1. Avoid tanning or tanning beds


2. Use sunscreen


3. Stay in the shade + cover up with clothing

qualities of a healthy relationship

* honesty and trust
* clear communication
* acceptance and respect
* empathy
* showing care and concern
* sharing experiences
* getting and giving support
* ability to work out differences
* personal responsibility

qualities of an unhealthy relationship

* intensity
* manipulation
* sabotage
* guilt-tripping
* betrayal
* possessiveness
* isolation
* belittling
* deflection responsibility

consent

* an active, voluntary, and verbal agreement
* clear and enthusiastic “yes”
* process and conversation
* can always be withdrawn

stress

* caused by external triggers
* people will have mental and physical symptoms, such as irritability, anger, fatigue, muscle pain, digestive troubles, and difficulty sleeping

anxiety

persistent, excessive worries that don't go away even in the absence of a stressor

depression

feeling of sadness, hopelessness or loss of interest in life that affects the whole body.

types of mental illnesses

Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Bi-Polar Disorder, Eating Disorders, Insomnia, Psychosis, PTSD, Schizophrenia, Trichotllomania

988

suicide and crisis hotline number

adrenaline and cortisol

2 hormones released during stressful situations

symptoms of stress

* dizziness
* headaches
* loss of appetite

nicotine

addictive chemical in cigarettes

carbon monoxide

A colorless, odorless flammable and deadly gas.

short-term effects of tobacco use

* Bad breath, loss of taste or smell, loss of energy or appetite.

long-term effects of tobacco use

* Cancer, heart disease, rotting teeth, stroke, brain damage, muscular degeneration.

cirrhosis

a disease in which scar tissue replaces normal liver tissue

alcoholism

progressive, incurable disease in which a person is physically an psychologically dependent on alcohol

alcoholics anonymous

an alcohol rehabilitation program where alcoholics help each other

.08

you will get arrested for a DWI (driving while intoxicated) if your BAC is _____ or higher

depressant drug

slows down the central nervous system

preventable

fetal alcohol syndrome is ____________

1

the metabolism of alcohol occurs at the rate of ____ drink(s) per hour

proof

a measure of the percent of a given volume of a beverage that is made up of alcohol

fermentation

the process by which yeast produces ethanol from sugar

diuretic effect

a condition in which alcohol causes the body to lose more water than usual

BAC

the amount of alcohol present in a person’s body

heart defects and mental disabilities

fetal alcohol syndrome causes

depressant

alcohol drug category

hangover

caused by excessive alcohol consumption

zero tolerance law

A maximum BAC of less than .02 g/dL for drivers under 21. Violators have their driver licenses suspended or revoked.

tolerance

An increasing resistance to the effects of a certain drug on the body, requiring more of the drug to be taken to feel the effects.

dependence

When a person requires a certain drug to function either emotionally or physically or mentally.

addiction

When a person needs a drug to function on a day to day basis, will do almost anything to get that drug they crave. Withdrawals occur if use is stopped.

withdrawal

When someone stops using a drug after addiction or dependence and experiences unfavorable side effects such as insomnia, depression, anger, anxiety, etc. Can be physical or mental or emotional.

depressant / narcotic

what category of drug is heroin

hallucinogen / stimulant

what category of drug is ecstasy

hallucinogen / stimulant

what category of drug is LSD

stimulant

what category of drug is cocaine

1. check for danger
2. check for response
3. call 911
4. care for victim

4 c’s of first aid

AED (Automated External Defibrillator)

It is used to help those experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. It's a sophisticated, yet easy-to-use, medical device that can analyze the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, deliver an electrical shock, or defibrillation, to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm.

compound fracture

A broken bone that breaks through the tissue and skin

simple fracture

A broken bone that does not break through skin

abrasion

a scrape or brush burn

laceration

a cut through the skin that is usually deep enough to require stitches

puncture

a hole in the skin caused by a sharp object

sprain

a stretch or tear of the ligament (connects bone to bone)

strain

a stretch or tear of the tendon (connects bone to muscle)

anaphylaxis

A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings.

epinephrine

Is used to treat a life-threatening allergic reactions caused by insect bites or stings, foods, medications, latex, and other causes. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels.

1st degree burn

only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned. the skin is usually red and swells with pain

2nd degree burn

the outer layer of skin is burned through the 2nd layer (called the dermis) becomes red and blotchy

3rd degree burn

a major burn that involves all layers of the skin, tissue, muscle or even bone. areas may be charred black or appear dry and white

Good Samaritan law

a law protecting those who help the injured or ill from liability