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449 Terms

1
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Reproductive cells are called

gametes

2
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Mitosis results in two

identical daughter cels

3
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Where does mitosis occour

in somatic cells

4
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Why is mitosis important

for growth and repairs

5
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What is the result of meiosis

4 different haploid cells

6
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Where does meiosis occur

in gametes

7
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what is the importance of meiosis

sexual reproductions

8
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Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes from 46 to

23

9
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Meiosis 1 is referred to as

reductional

10
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Meiosis 2 is known as

equational

11
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What are the steps of meiosis

PMAT1 and PMAT2

12
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Different combination of genes is called

recombination

13
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When does crossing over occur

prophase 1

14
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What does crossing over occur between

homologous chromosomes

15
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When does independent assortment occour

during metaphase I

16
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What does independent assortment produce

random sets of maternal and paternal chromosomes

17
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With crossing over, no two gametes are

the same

18
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A1 seperates

homologous chromosomes

19
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A2 separates

sister chromatids

20
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paired oval organs

overies

21
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the ovaries are ____ to the uterus

lateral

22
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Ovaries are slightly larger than a

almond

23
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The ovaries are anchored by cords and sheets of

conenctive tissue

24
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what is the epithelium that covers the overies

germinal epithelium

25
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Connective tissue capsule outside of the overies

tunica albuginea

26
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Where are ovarian follicles found

in the ovarian cortex

27
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Part of the ovary with connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerves

medulla

28
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Oocyte + follicular cells (granulosa cells)=

follicle

29
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What type of oocyte is contained in the primordial follicle

primary oocyte in prophase 1

30
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how many primordial follicles are present at birth

1.5 million

31
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how many primordial follicles are present at puberty

400,000

32
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The primordial follicle has a single layer of

flattened follicular cells

33
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when are primordial follicles first observed

in the fetus

34
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When are all follicles other than primordial follicles first oberved

puberty

35
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What type of oocyte is contained within a primary follicle

primary oocyte in prophase 1

36
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The primary follicle has multiple layers of

granulosa cells

37
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the granular cells in the primary follicle secrete

estrogen

38
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How many secondary follicles are seen per month

around 20

39
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What type of oocyte is contained in a secondary follicle

primary oocyte in prophase 1

40
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in which follicular stage does the antrum develop

in the secondary follicle

41
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What is the protein coat on the secondary follicle

zona pellucida

42
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What is the innermost layer of follicular cells on the secondary follicle

corona radiata

43
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Two protective structures around the oocyte

zona pellucida and corona radiata

44
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Two names for a mature follicle

vesicular follicle or graafian follicle

45
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What type of oocyte Is contained in the vesicular follicle

secondary oocyte arrested in M2

46
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How many vesicular follicles mature per month

1

47
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The vesicular follicle has many layers of

granulosa cells

48
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What is the rupturing of the graafian follicle known as

ovulation

49
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The corpus luteum has no

oocyte

50
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What hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum

progesterone and estrogen

51
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What is the purpose of the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum

to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy by building the lining and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy if fertilization occurs

52
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How long does the corpus luteum last is there is no fertilization

10-13 days

53
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whiteish connective scar tissue that is a remnant of the corpus luteum

corpus albicans

54
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What does the hypothalamus release that begins puberty

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

55
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What are the two gonadotropins that are released by the anterior pituitary

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

56
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what produces sex hormones that trigger sexual matruation

Gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males)

57
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What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle

Follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase

58
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What are the three phases of the uterine cycle

Menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

59
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FSH and LH increase _____ development

follicular

60
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estrogen _____ the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

inhibits

61
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The high levels of estrogen cause an LH surge that triggers

ovulation

62
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After ovulation the corpus luteum forms and secretes large amounts of

progesterone and estrogen

63
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What triggers menstruation

The dramatic drop in progesterone and estrogen levels after the corpus luteum degenerates

64
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How long after ovulation does the uterine lining shed

Approximately 14 days

65
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What hormone is secreted by the developing embryo

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

66
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What does the hCG do to the corpus luteum

It stimulates the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone and estrogen, thereby maintaining the uterine lining

67
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when does the corpus luteum regress if fertilization occours

by the end of the third month of gestation

68
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Fibromuscular passageway for a secondary oocyte and sperm, site of fertilization

Fallopian tube

69
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Three layers of the fallopian tubes

mucosa, muscularis, serosa

70
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The mucosa of the uterine tubes have ____ that draw oocyte into the tube and toward the uterus

cillia

71
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How many layers compose the muscularis of the uterine tubes

two layers

72
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Which layer of the fallopian tube propels the zygote through the uterus tube toward uterus

the muscularis

73
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External membrane covering the fallopian tubes

serosa

74
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Pear shaped organ that serves as the implantation site of the pre-embryo

uterus

75
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The uterus protects and nourishes the developing embryo through

the vascular connection of the placenta

76
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The uterus _____ the baby at birth

ejects

77
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The uterus contracts and sheds the lining if

the oocyte is not fertilized

78
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Regions of the uterus

fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix.

79
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tunics of the uterine wall

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

80
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is the perimetrium serosa or adventitia

serosa

81
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How many layers of smooth muscle are in the myometrium

three

82
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The endometrium is rich in

uterine glands

83
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layer of the endometrium that does not shed

basal layer

84
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Layer of the endometrium that grows from the basal layer under the influence of estrogen and progesterone; shed during the menstruation

functional layer

85
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What two hormones influence the uterine cycle

Estrogen and progesterone

86
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The menstrual phase lasts from days

1-5

87
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The menses is the shedding of

the functional layer of the endometrium

88
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The proliferative phase lasts from days

6-14

89
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what happens during the proliferative phase

development of new functional layer

90
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What days does the secretory phase occur

15-28

91
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The secretory phase sees increased vascularization and uterine gland development because of

increased progesterone from the corpus luteum

92
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How deep is the vagina when not arroused

2-4 in

93
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How deep is the vagina during arousal

4-8 in

94
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Female copulatory organ that functions as a a birth canal, receives penis during intercourse,

passageway for menstruation

vagina

95
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Three layers of the vagina

mucosa, muscularis, and adventitia

96
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the mucosa of the vagina are highly

folded

97
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the vagina produces ___ ____ that helps prevent infection

acidic mucin

98
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Transverse fold near the vaginal opening

hymen

99
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How many layers of smooth muscle make up the vagial muscularis

two

100
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The ___ in the vagina has a large amount of elastic fibers that allow the vagina to stretch during birth

adventitia