COMBUSTION 1 -6

Coal

combustible black or

brownish-black sedimentary

rock, primarily composed of

carbon, formed from the

remains of ancient plant life

over millions of years.

Why coal is important in today’s world?

Coal is an energy source used

primarily for electricity generation

and industrial fuel.

Coal powerplants in the philippines

Sual PowerStation (Pangasinan) 
PagbilaoPowerStation (Quezon)
MarivelesCoal Fired PowerPlant(Bataan)

What are the different types of coal?

Anthracite Coal
Bituminous Coal
Sub‐Bituminous Coal
Lignite Coal

Anthracite Coal

also known as "hard coal," is the highest

rank of coal, characterized by its high

carbon content (over 86%), low volatile

matter, hard and brittle nature, and a

distinct shiny, black, submetallic luster.

Bituminous Coal

also known as black coal, is a relatively

soft, dark brown to black coal with a high

heating value and a low moisture

content, used primarily in electricity

generation and steel production.

Sub‐Bituminous Coal

a medium-grade coal that falls between

lignite and bituminous coal in terms of

rank, characterized by its dark brown to

black color, lower moisture content than

lignite, and 42–52% carbon content.

Lignite Coal

a medium-grade coal that falls between

lignite and bituminous coal in terms of

rank, characterized by its dark brown to

black color, lower moisture content than

lignite, and 42–52% carbon content.

Fuel composition of coal

mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and mineral matter.

source of coal

Coalification = plants →

peat → lignite → bituminous

coal → anthracite.

production process of coal

mined → cleaned → processed → sized → then

delivered for industrial use.

Applications of coal 

Electricity Generation

SteelIndustry

Cement Manufacturing

Chemical Industry

Charcoal

is a black, lightweight material

made mostly of carbon. It is produced by

heating wood or other organic matter in a

low-oxygen environment, a process called

carbonization.

Types of Charcoal

Lump Charcoal

Briquettes

Lump Charcoal

made by wood

Briquettes-

made by sawdust, woodchips

Fuel Composition of Charcoal

fixed carbon- 75, volatile-15, ash-15, moisture-15, HHV-30mj/kg

source of charcoal 

Wood, Agricultural, Industry and Forestry waste

production process of charcoal 

-Selection of raw material

-carbonization

-cooling

-packaging and storage

Application of charcoal

Household, industry, agriculture, environment, medical and health

BIOMASS (bio-life)(mass-all organic material)

-one of the oldest and mostly used sources of renewable energy in the world.

-plants or vegetables, animal manure, garbage

Process of biomass

Light energy--Chemical Energy--Stored energy--Biomass Energy

Source of biomass

Agricultural Residues

Forestry Residues

Dedicated energy crops

Municipal and Industrial Waste

Animal Waste

Algae

Food waste

Biogas

Fuel Composition of biomass

Cellulose

Extractives

Helicellulose

Ash

Lignin

Production process of biomass

Collection(raw material, harvesting)

Reprocessing (size reduction, drying, storage)

Conversion (thermochemical) (combustion, gasification, pyrolysis)

Conversion (Biochemical)(anaerobic, fermentation)

Refining

Distribution and use

Waste management

Application of biomass

Energy production- used for generating electricity

Biofuels- converted into bioethenol, biodiesel and biogas for transportation

Agriculture-  improve soil and serve as animal feed

Waste management- used for reducing landfill waste.

Industrial Use- provides raw material for bioplastics, chemicals and paper production.

Environmental Remediation- helps clean up poluted environments

Briquettes

form of solid fuel

made from biomass, coal, or other

combustible materials. They are

compact, easy to transport, and

provide a sustainable energy

source.

use of briquettes

originated as an alternative to traditional fuels

like firewood and charcoal. They

help reduce deforestation and

provide a cleaner-burning option.

FUEL COMPOSITION of Charcoal Briquette

Source: Charcoal fines, wood waste, sawdust

Additives: Starch binder, sometimes borax or

limestone

Composition: Carbon 60–70%, Ash 5–10%, Volatile

Matter: ~20–30%

Moisture content: 5–10%

Burning efficiency: Burns hot and steady, with less

smoke than raw wood.

SOURCE of Briquette

Coal dust and peat as the earliest raw materials.

Later expanded to sawdust and wood waste.

Today, often made from biomass residues like straw, husks,

and other agricultural byproducts.

PRODUCTION PROCESS of Briquette

- Raw Material Collection

- Drying

- Grinding/ Shredding

- Mixing

- Briquetting (Compression)

- Cooling

APPLICATIONS of Briquette

Household Use
Commercial Use
Industrial Use
Agricultural and Rural Use

DIESEL

obtained from crude oil and

is characterized by having a high

content of heavy hydrocarbons.

DIESEL

type of fuel used in diesel

engines such as, power machines,

vehicles, electricity and provide heat.

TYPES OF DIESEL

WINTER DIESEL

STANDARD DIESEL

Biodiesel (Bxx Blends)

Synthetic Diesel

Renewable Diesel

Ultra-Low sulfur Diesel

SOURCE OF DIESEL

Crude Oil and Natural gas

LOCATING THE SOURCE OF DIESEL

Seismic Mapping

Explosives

Sample Analysis

Unmanned Drones

Sniffing

DIESEL COMPOSITION

mixed with several additives (cetane/octane)

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF DIESEL

DISTILLATION
hydrotreatIng

CrackIng

Blending and Finishing

Storage and Distribution

APPLICATIONS OF DIESEL

Transportation

power generation

MARINE AND RAIL

INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

HEATING AND FUEL FOR BOILERS

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

widely used fuel that plays a significant role in energy consumption across the world.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

composed mainly of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10),