Anatomy and Physiology

Liver

Produces Bile, RUQ

Gall Bladder

Stores Bile

Pancreas

Produces Insulin

Spleen

Blood cell graveyard. First line of defense in infection

Appendix

Vestigial Organ in Lower right abdominal quadrant

Kidneys

Organ in the dorsal space, filters blood

Adrenal Glands

Sits on top of the kidneys

Peristalisis

Wavelike movement that moves food through the digestive system

Pharynx

Connects the nasal and oral cavitiesvwith the larynx and esophagus. Referred to as the throat.

Larynx

Voice Box

Esophagus

Transfers food to the stomach

Epiglottis

Thin leaf shaped Valve that keeps food and liquid from entering the lungs.

Trachea

Windpipe

Vocal Cords

Contained in the larynx, Produces sound

Bronchi

Tube that goes to each Lung

Alveoli

Small air sacs of the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Lungs

A pair of organs that is a major part of respiratory.

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle used during respiration. separates the chest from abdominal cavity

Intercostal Muscles

Found between the ribs.

Heart, Blood, Blood vessels

Components of the cardiovascular system

Coronary Arteries

Supplies the heart with oxygenated blood

Brachial Artery

Main Artery in the upper arm.

Carotid Artery

Main Artery in the neck.

Femoral Artery

Main Artery of the thighs.

Radial Artery

Artery on thumb side of lower arm.

Posterior Tibialis

Artery posterior of the medial malleous, supplies blood to the foot.

Arteries

Takes blood away from the heart.

Veins

Takes blood toward the heart.

Capillaries

Smallest vessles of the body.

Vena Cavas

Largest Veins of the body.

Aorta

Largest Artery of the body.

Plasma

Liquid portion of the blood in which the blood cells and nutrients are suspended.

Red Blood Cells

Largest components of cells in the body, responsible for carrying O2 and CO2 to and from the tissues.

White Blood Cells

Fights infection, establishes immunity against certain diseases.

Platelets

Responsible for clotting blood.

Erythrocytes

Red Blood Cells

Leukocytes

White Blood Cells

Systolic

Pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the ventricles contract.

Diastolic

Pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the ventricle is at rest.Blood

Central Nervous System

Brain and Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System

Made up that carry messages to and from the central nervous system.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Fight or Flight, Pupils Dilate

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Conserves energy and slows the heart rate down.

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

Skin

Largest Organ of the body

Integumentary System

Skin

Epidermis

Outermost layer of skin.

Dermis

Contains sweat glands, Sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, nerve endings.

Subcutaneous layer

Made up od adipose (fat) and connective tissue

Endocrine System

Secretes Hormones

Anatomy

Study of the body parts visble to the naked eye

Physiology

Study of the function of body parts

Colon

Reabsorbs water and stores feces

Anatomical Position

Standing erect, facing forward with arms to the side with palms out.

Lateral

To the side of the body

Anatomical Planes

Imaginary divisions of the body

Sagittal Plane

Also known as the median plane, is a vertical plan that runs length wise and divides the body into right and left segments.

Frontal Plane

Also known as the coronal plane, divides the body into front and back halves.

Transverse Plane

Also known as the horizontal plane, parallelel to the ground and divides the body into upper and lower halves

Midline

An imaginary line drawn vertically in the middle of the body.

Midaxillary line

A line drawn from the armpit down to the ankle

Anterior

Toward the front of the body.

Posterior

Toward the back of the body

Ventral

Another word for anterior

Dorsal

Another word for posterior

Bilateral

Refers to both sides

Proximal

Toward the torso or trunk

Distal

Away from the torso or trunk

Musculoskeletal System

Bony framework held together by layers of muscle and ligaments.

Ligaments

Connects bone to bone

Tendons

Connects Muscle to bone

Cranium

Skull

Maxillae

Fused bones of the upper jaw

Mandible

lower jaw that moves with a hinge joint

Vertebrae

Spinal column, principle support of the body

Intervertebral Disc

Fluid filled pad of tough elastic cartilage that acts as shock absorbers and allows movement of the spine

Cervical Spine

First seven bones of the vertebrae, most prone for injury

Thoracic Spine

Upper back, 12 bones

Lumbar

Lower back, most immovable of the vertebrae, has five bones

Sacrum

Back wall of the pelvis, contains five bones

Coccyx

Tailbone, has four fused bones

Sternum

Breast bone

Floating Ribs

11th and 12th Rib

False Ribs

The last five pairs of ribs

Clavicle

Collar Bone

Xiphoid Process

The inferior portion of the sternum

Pelvis

Dough-nut shaped structure that consist of the sacrum and coccyx

Iliac Crest

Wings of the pelvis

Pubis

Anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis

Acetabulum

Pelvic socket which fits the rounded top of the femur head

Femur

Largest strongest bone in the body, thigh bone.

Patella

Knee Cap

Tibia

Shin bone, weight bearing bone

Fibula

Small bone in the lower leg

Calcaneus

Heel Bone

Tarsals

Make up the proximal portion of the foot

Metatarsal

Bones that form the arch of the foot

Phalanges

Bones of the fingers and toes

Scapula

Shoulder Blade

Humerus

Proximal bone of the upper arm