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Coelom
Body cavity in animals, providing space for organ development
Segmentation
Division of body into repeated compartments
Tagmatization
Grouping of segments into specialized regions in animals
Phylum Annelida
Contains Class Polycheata, Class Oligochaeta, and Class Hirodinomorpha
Major Body Plan Features of Phylum Polychaeta
1. Marine
2. Many chaetae
3. parapodia
4. No citellum
5. Hermaphroditic
What two genus of Polychaeta were covered?
1. Nereis
2. Chaetopterus
Major body Plan Features of Nereis
1. tagmatized
2. predators
3. dorso-ventrally flattened
4. neuro and notopodim
5. peristomium and prostomium
Major Body Plan Features of Chaetopterus
1. pointed posterior
2. filter feeders
3. tagmatization
4. tube-dwelling
5. Hermaphroditic
Oligochaeta
Class of terrestrial and aquatic worms, including earthworms
What is the genus name of Oligochaeta?
Lumbricus
Major Body Plan Features of Oligochaeta?
1. few chaetae
2. no parapodia
3. clitellum
4. segmented body
5. Mucous coccon secreted from clitellum
6. Hemaphroditic
Hirudinomorpha
Class of terrestrial and aquatic leeches
Major Body Plan Features of Hirudinomorpha
1. no chaetae
2. no parapodia
3. clitellum visible during mating
4. Anterior and posterior suckers
5. 34 segments
What is the septa function?
Dividers between segments in annelids
What are chaetae?
bristle-like extensions from the parapodia made of chitin and CaCO3.
What are parapodia? What are they used for?
Lateral appendages on each segment of polychaetes used for locomotion
What is the prostomium?
Anterior part of the head in annelids
What is the Peristomium?
Segment fusion in annelids with cirri and palps
What are cirri? What is their function?
Long, antennae-like projections on annelids used for sensory detection
What is the Notopodium and Neuropodium? What are their function?
Part of the parapodium with ligules and chaetae used for gas exchange.
What is the Acicula? What is its function?
Stiff chitinous rods in annelid parapodia for structural support
What is the function of circular muscles?
Muscles in annelids aiding in altering body width through contraction.
what is the function of longitudinal muscles?
Muscle type in annelids aiding in body shortening or lengthening through contraction
What is an eversible pharynx? Which organism demonstrates this?
Throat structure that can be turned inside out for feeding purposes found in Nereis
What is the function of calcium carbonate in some polycheates?
Mineral substance used by some polychaetes to build tubes and for chaetae formation.
What is the clitellum function?
Glandular structure in oligochaetes for reproduction and cocoon formation
WHat is the function of the cuticle in annelids?
The outermost layer of annelids for protection, gas exchange, and moisture retention
What are Chaetal Retractor Muscles?
Muscles that control the movement of chaetae.
What is Peristalsis? Why does Lumbricus use it?
Wave-like muscle contractions aiding in locomotion.
What is the pygidium?
Posterior end of earthworm housing the anus.
What is the function of Sperm Grooves in Lumbricus?
Grooves aiding in sperm transfer
How many hearts does the Lumbricus Have? Where are they Located?
Five hearts located in segments 7-11
Seminal vesicles
Large, light-colored structures in segments 9, 11, and 12 for sperm storage and fertilization.
What is the function of the seminal receptacles?
Spherical structures under the first pair of seminal vesicles for storage and transfer of mating partner's sperm.
Where are testes located in Lumbricus?
Segments 10 and 11, below the middle pair of seminal vesicles.
Where are the ovaries located in Lumbricus? What is their function?
Segment 13, collecting eggs via funnels and passing them through oviducts.
Where are the sperm ducts located in Lumbricus?
Tubes leading from testis sacs to male genital pores in segment 15.
What are Oviducts?
Passageways for eggs from ovaries to female genital pores.
What are sperm funnels?
Structures collecting sperm in male oligochaetes.
Where is the male genital pore located? What is its function?
External openings for sperm release in segment 15.
What is the function of the female genital pores?
Openings for egg release to the outside.
1. Acicula
2.Neuropodium
3. Nototpodium
Locate the notopodium, neuropodium, and acicular
1. Longitudinal
2. Circular
Locate the circular and longitudinal muscles
1. Cuticle
2. Circular
3. Longitudinal
On the Lumbricus terrestris where is the cuticle, circular muscles, and longitudinal muscles?
Bottom left
Locate the Chaetal retractor muscles
1. Albumin
2. Mucous
Locate mucous secreting cells and albumin secreting cells in the Lumbricus clitellum
1. Dorsal
2. Ventral
Locate the ventral and dorsal blood vessel in Lumbricus
1. Seminal Vesicle
2. Lumbricus
What are the circled structures? What organism does this belong to?
Seminal Receptacle in Lumbricus
What is the circled structure? What organism is this found in?
Ovaries in Lumbricus
What is the circled structure? What organism is this found in?
The pharynx
What does the cross section show in Lumbricus?
The ventral Nerve Cord
What is the circled structure in Lumbricus?
