CH. 12 | Organic Compounds

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17 Terms

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Organic Compounds

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Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen

<p>Organic compounds containing only <strong>carbon</strong> and <strong>hydrogen</strong></p>
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3 Types of Hydrocarbons

  • Alkanes (single bond)

  • Alkenes (double bond)

  • Alkynes (triple bond)

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Saturated vs. Unsaturated

Saturated

  • Single bonds

  • All carbons are bonded to a max of 4 atoms

Unsaturated

  • Double or Triple bonds

  • Carbons are bonded to 2 or 3 atoms

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Alkanes

CnH2n+2

  • Hydrocarbons with all single carbon-carbon bonds

  • Can form straight, branched, or ring structures

  • Saturated

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Alkenes

CnH2n

  • Hydrocarbons with a double carbon-carbon bond

  • Unsaturated

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Alkynes

CnH2n-2

  • Hydrocarbons with a triple carbon-carbon bond

  • Unsaturated

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Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

  • Straight chains

  • Branches and rings

<p>Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures</p><p></p><ul><li><p>Straight chains</p></li><li><p>Branches and rings</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Alcohols

One or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups

  • Can be mixed with 6 carbons or under

  • Gasohol , solution of ethanol and gasoline

<p>One or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups</p><ul><li><p>Can be mixed with 6 carbons or under</p></li></ul><p></p><ul><li><p>Gasohol , solution of ethanol and gasoline</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Functional Groups

Responsible for chemical properties of organic compound

  • Usually has multiple bonds or lone pairs of electrons that cause them to be sites of reactions

<p>Responsible for chemical properties of organic compound</p><ul><li><p>Usually has <strong>multiple bonds</strong> or <strong>lone pairs of electrons that cause them to be sites of reactions</strong></p></li></ul><p></p><p></p><p></p>
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Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones

R = Hydrocarbon

R1 = 2nd group of Hydrocarbon

<p>R = Hydrocarbon</p><p>R<sup>1</sup> = 2nd group of Hydrocarbon</p>
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Types of macromolecules

  • Proteins

  • Carbohydrates

  • Fats and oils

  • Nucleic acids

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Proteins

Macromolecular polymers of smaller amino acids (20)

  • Polypeptides

  • Sequence of amino acids in chain determines biochemical properties

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Carbohydrates

Watered carbon

<p>Watered carbon</p><p></p>
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Fats and Oils

Esters formed from glycerol and three long-chain carboxylic acid