Chem Exam 2 Waves and Early Atomic Models

Amplitude

Wave height

Traveling Waves

Waves propagate in space and time and are unconfined in space, where the crests and troughs do not remain at fixed positions

Wavelength (lambda)

Distance from crest-to-crest

Frequency (nu)

The number of crests or troughs that pass a stationary point in space per second

Speed (c)

In the context of light, this is a constant, c=λν, which is approximately 3.0×10^8 m/s

Standing Waves

Waves confined in a certain space, where the crests and troughs remain at fixed positions

Light (Electromagnetic radiation)

Consists of waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation of the light

Wave-particle duality of light

Light exhibits both wave and particle properties

Photons

A string of energy particles whose energy (E ph) is dependent on the frequency (ν) (E ph =hν)

Plum-pudding model

The first model of the atom proposed by JJ Thomson, assuming the positive charge was distributed throughout the entire atom to balance out the negative charges from the electrons

Rutherford scattering experiment

Used by Ernest Rutherford to disprove the Plum Pudding Model by shooting alpha particles at thin gold foil

Bohr model of the atom

Proposed by Niels Bohr (1913), it was the first model to predict the energy associated with the orbits of the hydrogen atom and its ions

Energy quantization

The idea, incorporated into the Bohr model, that only certain energy levels and discrete orbits are allowed

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The concept that precise simultaneous determinations of the position and momentum (velocity × mass) of an electron is impossibl