Chem Ch. 1

What is the definition of chemistry?

A way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning

What is the definition of matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space

What is the primary motivation behind basic research?

Gain knowledge

What were the four original elements in alchemy?

Fire; water; earth; air

What were the two primary aims of alchemy?

Get rich and live longer

What is the definition of a chemical?

Any substance that has a definite composition

What are two examples of a chemical?

Water and sucrose

What is an example of something that is not a chemical?

Sand

What is organic chemistry?

The study of carbon containing compounds

What does organic chemists study?

Carbon's role in carbohydrates

What is inorganic chemistry?

the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon

What do inorganic chemists study?

Nuclear energy

What is physical chemistry?

The study of properties and. Changes of matter and their relation to energy

What do physical chemists study?

Quantum Chemistry

What is analytical chemistry?

The identification of the components and compositions of materials

What do analytical chemists study?

Discover the properties of new substances

What is biochemistry?

The study of substances and processes occurring in living things

What do biochemists study?

The chemical reactions that allow humans to function

What is theoretical chemistry?

The use of math and computers to predict the properties and uses of new substances.

What do theoretical chemists study?

Computer models used to find properties of imagined substances

What is mass?

The measure of the amount of matter in an object

What is an element?

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

What is a compound?

Substance that is made from two or more elements that are chemically bonded

Is O2 a compound?

No because it is made of a single element

What is a pure substance?

A substance which cannot be separated chemically and has a uniform composition

What are examples of a pure substance?

Elements and compounds

What is a mixture?

A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Mixtures that are uniform in composition

What are two examples of a homogeneous mixture?

Stainless Steel and salt water

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture which does not have a uniform composition

What are two examples of a homogeneous mixture?

Milk and blood

How pure are high school lab chemicals?

90%

What do impure chemicals create?

Unique substances like wootz

What are physical properties?

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

What are examples of physical properties?

Volume, mass, melting point

What are chemical properties?

Properties that relate to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

What are examples of chemical properties?

Flammability, toxicity, acidity

What is a physical change?

Change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance

What are examples of physical changes?

Cutting, tearing, change in state

What is a chemical change?

A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

What are three indicators of a chemical change?

Change in color, formation of a precipitate, production of a gas

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but may change form in ordinary chemical reactions

What is an ordinary chemical reaction?

Nonnuclear

What are extensive properties?

Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present

What are two examples of extensive properties?

Mass, volume

What are intensive properties?

Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present

What are three examples of intensive properties?

Density, melting point, conductivity

What is group 18 called?

Noble gases

What is group 17 called?

Halogens

What is group 16 called?

Chalcogens

What is group 1 called?

Alkali metals

What is group 2 called?

Alkaline earth metals

What is group 3-12 called?

Transition metals

What are groups 1 and 2 called?

Reactive metals

What are the separated rows called?

Lanthanides and actinides series

What are the lanthanides and actinides called together?

Rare Earth Metals

What are the types of elements?

Metal, nonmetals, metalloids

What are the forms of elements?

Solid, liquid, gas

What are the names for the periodic table columns?

Groups/families

What are the names for the periodic table rows?

Periods

Why is the periodic table periodic?

The sets of properties repeat across it

What are metals?

Good conductors of heat and electricity; luster, malleable, ductile, mostly solid at room temperature

What are non-metals?

Good insulators; generally gases at room temperature, brittle as a solid, dull in appearance

What are metalloids?

Elements with opposing properties of metals and non-metals; ie. brittle and good conductor

What is applied research?

Research in which the scientist attempts to find a solution to a problem

What is the point of technological development?

To turn processes discovered in basic research and applied research into products

What is vitriol?

Sulfuric acid

What are three ways to physically separate mixtures?

Filtration, distillation, centrifuge

What can chemical impurities affect?

Results of a reaction

What is malleability?

The ability to deform under stress

What are two substances that are values for their impurities?

Damascus steel and water

What is the name for O3

Allotrope

What property do all metalloids share?

Semiconductors