Studied by 20 peopleWhat is the definition of chemistry?
A way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning
What is the definition of matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is the primary motivation behind basic research?
Gain knowledge
What were the four original elements in alchemy?
Fire; water; earth; air
What were the two primary aims of alchemy?
Get rich and live longer
What is the definition of a chemical?
Any substance that has a definite composition
What are two examples of a chemical?
Water and sucrose
What is an example of something that is not a chemical?
Sand
What is organic chemistry?
The study of carbon containing compounds
What does organic chemists study?
Carbon's role in carbohydrates
What is inorganic chemistry?
the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon
What do inorganic chemists study?
Nuclear energy
What is physical chemistry?
The study of properties and. Changes of matter and their relation to energy
What do physical chemists study?
Quantum Chemistry
What is analytical chemistry?
The identification of the components and compositions of materials
What do analytical chemists study?
Discover the properties of new substances
What is biochemistry?
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things
What do biochemists study?
The chemical reactions that allow humans to function
What is theoretical chemistry?
The use of math and computers to predict the properties and uses of new substances.
What do theoretical chemists study?
Computer models used to find properties of imagined substances
What is mass?
The measure of the amount of matter in an object
What is an element?
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
What is a compound?
Substance that is made from two or more elements that are chemically bonded
Is O2 a compound?
No because it is made of a single element
What is a pure substance?
A substance which cannot be separated chemically and has a uniform composition
What are examples of a pure substance?
Elements and compounds
What is a mixture?
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Mixtures that are uniform in composition
What are two examples of a homogeneous mixture?
Stainless Steel and salt water
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture which does not have a uniform composition
What are two examples of a homogeneous mixture?
Milk and blood
How pure are high school lab chemicals?
90%
What do impure chemicals create?
Unique substances like wootz
What are physical properties?
Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
What are examples of physical properties?
Volume, mass, melting point
What are chemical properties?
Properties that relate to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
What are examples of chemical properties?
Flammability, toxicity, acidity
What is a physical change?
Change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of a substance
What are examples of physical changes?
Cutting, tearing, change in state
What is a chemical change?
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
What are three indicators of a chemical change?
Change in color, formation of a precipitate, production of a gas
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but may change form in ordinary chemical reactions
What is an ordinary chemical reaction?
Nonnuclear
What are extensive properties?
Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present
What are two examples of extensive properties?
Mass, volume
What are intensive properties?
Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present
What are three examples of intensive properties?
Density, melting point, conductivity
What is group 18 called?
Noble gases
What is group 17 called?
Halogens
What is group 16 called?
Chalcogens
What is group 1 called?
Alkali metals
What is group 2 called?
Alkaline earth metals
What is group 3-12 called?
Transition metals
What are groups 1 and 2 called?
Reactive metals
What are the separated rows called?
Lanthanides and actinides series
What are the lanthanides and actinides called together?
Rare Earth Metals
What are the types of elements?
Metal, nonmetals, metalloids
What are the forms of elements?
Solid, liquid, gas
What are the names for the periodic table columns?
Groups/families
What are the names for the periodic table rows?
Periods
Why is the periodic table periodic?
The sets of properties repeat across it
What are metals?
Good conductors of heat and electricity; luster, malleable, ductile, mostly solid at room temperature
What are non-metals?
Good insulators; generally gases at room temperature, brittle as a solid, dull in appearance
What are metalloids?
Elements with opposing properties of metals and non-metals; ie. brittle and good conductor
What is applied research?
Research in which the scientist attempts to find a solution to a problem
What is the point of technological development?
To turn processes discovered in basic research and applied research into products
What is vitriol?
Sulfuric acid
What are three ways to physically separate mixtures?
Filtration, distillation, centrifuge
What can chemical impurities affect?
Results of a reaction
What is malleability?
The ability to deform under stress
What are two substances that are values for their impurities?
Damascus steel and water
What is the name for O3
Allotrope
What property do all metalloids share?
Semiconductors
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