PSY101 Exam 4

personality

characterized by thought patterns, feelings and actions that define an individual

urge to use the substance

a strong desire or compulsion to use a substance, indicating imparied control over substance use

impaired social life

problematic effects on a persons life, such as failure to fulfill role obligations or withdrawal from activities

risky use

continuing to use a substance even when its physically hazardous

tolerance

requiring an increased dose of substance to achieve the same effect or experiencing a decreased response to the same dose

risk factors for substance use disorders

biological and psychological factors potentially leading to substance use disorders, such as genetics, early substance use onset, adverse childhood experiences, and psychiatric comorbidities

medications for opioid use disorder

methadone and suboxone, used to address the physiological dependence associated with opioid use disorder

cognitive behavioral therapy

addressing the cognitions or thoughts surrounding substance use behaviors and attempting to change them

motivational interviewing

exploring the ambivalence about stopping substance use to help the patient find their own motivation for quitting

in what ways did freud believe conscious could “leak” into unconscious

through dreams, freudian slips and physical synonyms

cognitive reappraisal

a technique to change your appraisals of situations and think more carefully about them

primary reappraisal

rethinking how big the demands of the situation really are

secondary reappraisal

redoing your appraisals of your resources

for what historical reasons were milgram and other psychologists so interested in the power of obedience? 

due to the widespread tragic events committed during WWII, like the Holocaust, and how ordinary people can do such acts

design of milgrams obidience experiments

participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person, testing how far they would go in following authority

sociometer of self-esteem

suggests self-esteem acts as a gauge of social acceptance or rejection

drawbacks of sympathetic nervous system and cortisol

in non-emergency situations, these systems can take a toll on the body, cortisol can lead to increased risk of anxiety and depression

usefulness of sympathetic nervous system and cortisol

releases energy to meet difficult challenges, active during emergencies or athletic activities requiring maximum effort

evidence that implicit (unconscious) prejudice exists

implicit association test: reveals biases that people may not consciously endorse

why do people act in prosocial ways?

empathy, desire for approval, reciprocity and sense of moral responsibility

sympathetic nervous system

energy, increases arousal, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and sweating - activated in stressful circumstances, excitement, and happiness

primary appraisal

judgements about how big a problem is involving the importance of the task and difficulty of solving it

secondary appraisal

estimation of the resources you have to deal with the problem

cognitive behavioral therapy

modifies dysfunctional thoughts to alter substance use behavior

pyschotherapy

person must believe they can get better in order to be effective

personality assessing

ask them about themselves/self report, ask people who know the person, examine a person’s living space

cognition to treat depression

tries to intervene at cognitions that make u feel bad about yourself, replace them with kinder ones enabling you to be positive

lexical hypothesis

humans are social, when we communicate we often talk about other people - every trait must have a word in every language

repression

main defense mechanism, banishing unwanted thoughts from consciousness

sublimination

taking arousal and dealing with it in an unrelated way

comprehensive depression treatment

combo of drugs and cognitive therapy

dsm-V

the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States

in humanistic theory, what is growth-promoting climate?

an environment characterized by unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness, which fosters personal growth and self-actualization