N163 Quiz Concepts 5

What are the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome?

When three of the following five criteria are met:

• Obesity (waist circumference < 40 inches in men or >50 inches in women)

• Blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg

• Fasting plasma glucose >100 mg dL

• Triglyceride >150 mg dL

• HDL cholesterol >40 mg dL in men or <50 mg dL in women

What does metabolic syndrome reflect?

Insulin resistance and a pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic state, which significantly increases the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

How does insulin resistance increase TG?

1. increasing lipolysis in adopose tissue(Insulin normally inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) → prevents fat breakdown.)

2. increased hepatic VLDL secretion

3. reduced clearance of TG-richlipoprotein

Why is FPG used as a marker for metabolic syndrome and not HbA1C?

FPG shows current blood sugar and insulin resistance, which are key in metabolic syndrome. HbA1C shows long-term control and may miss early signs.

Why is TG used as a marker for metabolic syndrome and not LDL?

TG levels reflect insulin resistance and fat metabolism issues common in metabolic syndrome. LDL doesn't show these early metabolic changes as clearly.

True/False: Osteoporosis is six times more likely to develop in a female geriatric patient

True

Estrogen deficiency:

Estrogen protects bones by inhibiting bone resorption. After menopause, estrogen drops sharply, accelerating bone loss.

What are some nursing interventions that prevent dehydration in geriatric patients?

• Encouraging regular fluid intake

• Monitoring intake and output

• Offering fluids with meals and medications

• Using hydration schedules

• Adjusting diuretics if appropriate

What are some nursing interventions do NOT prevent dehydration in geriatric patients?

• Waiting for the patient to request fluids

• Restricting fluids due to incontinence without alternatives

• Ignoring swallowing difficulties

• Failing to assess for early signs of dehydration

What are some nursing interventions for dysphagia?

• If a swallowing deficit is suspected - NPO until an evaluation is completed

• Barium x-rays, dynamic swallowing study

What is a priority nursing intervention for bowel obstruction?

NG tube