Arabic Grammar: Review of Nahw Mīr

Practice flashcards covering the fundamental concepts of Arabic Grammar (Nahw) including word classifications, sentence structures, types of nouns, and grammatical states.

what is the definition of 'Lafz'?

a spoken work

What is a 'Mufrad' (also known as a 'Kalima')?

A singular word with a singular meaning.

How is an 'Ism' defined in terms of meaning and tense?

A mufrad which indicates on a complete meaning and does not have a tense.

How does a 'Fi’l' differ from an 'Ism'?

A fi'l indicates on a complete meaning and does have a tense.

What is the requirement for a 'Harf' to have a complete meaning?

It must be joined with either an ism or a fi’l.

What is the difference between 'Jumlah khabariyya' and 'Jumlah inshā’iyyah'?

Jumlah khabariyya is a statement to which truth or falsehood applies, while truth or falsehood does not apply to Jumlah inshā’iyyah (commands, requests, etc.).

Define the components of 'Murakkab idāfi'.

It consists of the 'Mudāf' (the thing owned/possessed) and the 'Mudāf ilayh' (the owner/possessor).

What are the two parts of a 'Murakkab tawseefi'?

The 'Mawsūf' (the thing being described) and the 'Sifa' (the description).

Name three signs of an 'Ism'.

1. Begins with 'Al' ($ال$). 2. Has 'harf e jarr' before it. 3. Has 'tanween'.

Identify three signs of a 'Fi’l'.

1. Has 'Qad' ($قَدْ$) before it. 2. It is 'amr' (command/order). 3. It is 'nahy' (prohibition).

Define 'Mu’rab' and 'Mabni'.

'Mu’rab' is a word whose ending changes with changing 'awamil'; 'Mabni' is a word whose ending does not change.

What is the difference between 'Damir Bāriz' and 'Damir Mustatir'?

In 'Damir Bāriz', the pronoun is visible in the word; in 'Damir Mustatir', it is not visible.

In 'Asma Ghayr Mutammakin', what is an 'Ism us-sawt'?

A sound that comes from a person's mouth due to feelings, or an ism used to call or copy an animal.

What is the difference between 'Ma’rifa' and 'Nakira'?

'Ma’rifa' is an ism designated for something specific, while 'Nakira' is not designated for something specific.

List the four signs of femininity ('Mu’annath') in Arabic words.

1. Tā Marbuta. 2. Alif Maksūra. 3. Alif Mamdūda. 4. Tā Muqaddara.

Distinguish between 'Jam’ Taksir' and 'Jam’ Tashih'.

'Jam’ Taksir' is a plural where the 'wahid' (singular) form does not remain sound; in 'Jam’ Tashih', the 'wahid' form remains sound.

What are the numerical ranges for 'Jam’ Qillah' and 'Jam’ Kathra'?

'Jam’ Qillah' indicates $3$ to $9$; 'Jam’ Kathra' indicates $10$ and more.

What is 'Ghayr Munsarif'?

An ism that has two causes from the nine 'asbab of man’ sarf'.

What are the three types of i’rab for 'Fi’l Mudāri’'?

Raf’, Nasb, and Jazm.

What are 'Hurūf e jarr'?

Letters that come before an ism and place it in the 'jarr' state.

Define 'Mafool Mutlaq'.

An ism masdar which comes after a fi’l, is in the meaning of a fi’l, and provides emphasis, number, or extra detail.

What is the purpose of 'Tameez'?

It is an ism nakira which removes 'ibhām' (vagueness) for clarity.

What is the difference between 'Fi’l Marūf' and 'Fi’l Majhūl'?

In 'Fi’l Marūf', the 'faail' (actor) is known; in 'Fi’l Majhūl', the 'faail' is not known.

What is the 'aml' of 'Afaal Nāqisa' when they enter a 'jumlah ismiyyah'?

They give 'Raf’' to the 'ism' and 'Nasb' to the 'khabr'.

What are the two types of 'Awāmil Ma’nawi'?

1. Ibtidah (an ism ma'rifa without an amil lafzi). 2. Fi'l Mudāri (when it has no huruf nasibah or jazimah before it).

What is a 'Tābi’'?

The second word which has the same i’rab as the word before it (the 'Matbu').

Name the five types of 'Tawabi' (Followers).

1. Sifa. 2. Ta’kid. 3. Badal. 4. ‘Ataf bil harf. 5. ‘Ataf Bayān.

Identify the four types of 'Badal'.

1. Badal e Qul. 2. Badal e Ba’d. 3. Badal e Ishtimāl. 4. Badal e Ghalat.