Solution Equilibrium

These flashcards cover essential terms and definitions related to solution equilibrium, the solution process, saturation, and the effects of temperature and pressure on solubility.

Dynamic Equilibrium

The state in which the rate of dissolution equals the rate of recrystallization.

Saturated Solution

A solution that contains the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute at equilibrium at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than is possible to dissolve at a given temperature.

Dissolution

The process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent.

Recrystallization

The process whereby dissolved solute particles return to the solid state.

Henry's Law

States that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid.

Solubility Curve

A graph that shows the maximum solubility of a substance at different temperatures.

Temperature Effect on Solubility of Solids

For most solids, solubility increases with increasing temperature.

Temperature Effect on Solubility of Gases

For gases, solubility decreases as temperature increases.

Exothermic Solution Process

A process where heat is released, and decreasing temperature increases solubility.

Endothermic Solution Process

A process where heat is absorbed, and increasing temperature increases solubility.

Concentration

The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.

Precipitate

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture.

Solvent

The substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Initial Equilibrium

The state of balance between dissolved and undissolved solute before any changes in conditions.