THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

1. hierarchy of needs

2. theory x and theory y

3. erg theory

4. two-factor theory

5. expec

theories of motivation

abraham maslow

who developed hierarchy of needs theory

hierarchy of needs

suggests that human beings have 5 basic needs

1. lower order

2. higher order

two categories of needs

1. physiological

2. security

3. social

lower order needs

1. self esteem

2. self actualization

higher order needs

douglas mcgregor

contributed to theory x and theory y

theory x and theory y

suggests that different style of management has a different bearing on the motivation of workers

theory x

this theory is traditional, negative, and autocratic

theory y

this theory is participatory, positive, and democratic

clayton alderfer

proposed erg theory

erf theory

anchors on maslows theory but presents some modifications

1. existence needs

2. related needs

3. growth needs

erg

existence needs

desires for physiological and material well-being

relatedness needs

desires to satisfy interpersonal relationships with others

growth needs

desires for continued personal and psychological growth and improvement

frederick herzberg

developed two factor theory

two factor theory

suggests that motivation of workers depend on whether they have job satisfction or dissastisfaction

1. satisfiers (motivators)

2. hygiene (dissatisfier)

two factors in two factor theory

satisfiers

makes people feel satisfied with their job

hygiene factor

elements in the work setting that turn off employees and found in the job context

victor vroom

developed expectancy theory

expectancy theory

suggests that people will do what they can do when they want to do it

1. expectancy

2. instrumentality

3. valence

3 parts of expectancy theory

expectancy

belief that working hard will result in a desired level of performance

instrumentality

belief that usccessful performance will be followed by rewards

valence

value an individual assigns to the possible rewards