Chapter 3 genetics

Genome

a full set of genetic information

chromosomes

found inside the nucleus, is made up of DNA, everyone has 23 pairs

DNA

genetic segments into genes

genes

encoded for proteins and is impacted by the environment

Human Genome Project

Each C. elegans, domestic cats and humans have approximately 20,000 protein genes which causes humans to be upset due to them wanting to be superior.

autosome

a chromosome that is not involved in determining an individual's sex. In humans, are numbered from 1 to 22 and are responsible for carrying genes that determine various traits and characteristics unrelated to sex.

sex chromosomes

determine the sex of a human

2 gametes

ovum (eggs) and sperm each carry ½ of the genetic code

karyotypes

map of chromosome layout

sex

chromosomes, biological and hormones

gender

culturally applied , society defined

Female

egg = x and sperm = x

male

egg =x and sperm = y

gender identity

how you feel

gender expression

how we feel and express ourselves

causes of multiple births

higher parental age

higher intervention

monozygotic twins

1 egg 1 sperm, same placenta, separate amniotic sacs, identical, most genetically the same

dizygotic twins

2 eggs 2 sperm, separate placentas, separate amniotic sacs, fraternal twins, sibling genetically the same

mitosis

a type of cell division that creates 2 new identical cells

phenotype

your individual observable characteristics

genotype

the genome that contributes to your phenotypes

meiosis

a special form a cell division that creates gametes, or sperm and ova cells

recessive inheritance pattern

a type of genetic inheritance for single gene conditions, where in order to develop a recessive condition you must have two disease carrying alleles

dominant inheritance pattern

a type of genetic inheritance for single gene disorders a person with a dominant condition may have just one of the disease carrying alleles

polygenic

gentle characteristics that require a trigger or specific influence from the environment in order to be expressed

multifactorial

traits that are influenced by multiple variables