Stem Cells Lecture Notes

Flashcards about Stem Cells

What are the two primary characteristics of stem cells?

Self-renewal and the capacity to generate other cells.

What does self-renewal refer to in the context of stem cells?

The ability of stem cells to replicate themselves.

What is the typical capacity of a skin cell in terms of generating other cells?

Limited; it can rarely, if ever, make other cells.

How do stem cells interact with niche cells?

Through physical proximity and ligand-receptor interactions.

What type of stem cell sits and interacts with the niche cell in blood cell development?

Hematopoietic stem cell

What is the role of the oocyte in nuclear transfer?

Reprograms the genome of the transferred nucleus.

What is the result of the oocyte reprogramming the genome?

Formation of an embryo.

What can be obtained from the created embryo?

Embryonic stem cells.

Define 'stem cell' based on the lecture.

A cell characterized by self-renewal and the ability to generate other cells.

What is the significance of the niche in stem cell function?

It provides interactions necessary for stem cell maintenance and function.

How does the oocyte reprogram the genome of a transferred nucleus?

It erases the existing programming of the nucleus.

What is the outcome of epigenetic reprogramming by the oocyte?

The potential to form an embryo.

What is the range of cells that tissue-specific stem cells can generate?

Typically a group of cells for replenishing that tissue type.

In stem cell context, what does 'self-renewal' mean?

The ability to make copies of itself.

What is the other important stem cell characteristic besides self-renewal?

The capacity to generate other cells.

What is the role of ligand receptor interactions in stem cell function?

Mediating interactions between stem cells and niche cells.

What is the origin of embryonic stem cells as discussed in the lecture?

The embryo formed after nuclear transfer and reprogramming.

What is the function of hematopoietic stem cells?

Development of blood cells

How can the niche cells interact with the stem cells?

Through ligand receptor interactions.

What can be formed from the reprogrammed genome after nuclear transfer?

An embryo.

How are stem cells defined?

By their capability of self renewal

What is the limited cell generation ability of skin cells?

They are rarely if ever able to make a skin cell

Where are niche cells located in relation to stem cells?

In physical proximity

What are the interactions between niche cells and stem cells

Physical proximity of the cells

How does the oocyte alter the genome?

It reprograms the genome

What is the function of ligand receptors?

Directly interacting with niche cells

What type of cells can an embryo form after nuclear transfer?

Embryonic stem cells.

Beside generation, what is the other function of stem cells?

Self-renewal

What are niche cells interacting with directly?

Hematopoietic stem cell

How will and embryo form?

Reprogramming the genome

Where does stem cells obtain instructions for self-renewal?

Niche cells

Where does the oocyte get the nucleus from?

Embryo

What does the niche cell provide?

Interactions to the stem cell.

What sits interact with stem cell development?

Hematopoietic stem cell

What alters the nucleus?

Oocyte

What does the genome erase after being reprogrammed?

An embryo

What creates stem cells?

Two important processes.

Why is the oocyte important?

It reprograms the genome

What happens during ligand receptor interaction?

The hematopoietic stem cell interacts with the niche cell

What cell makes skin?

Skin cell