Set 2: Medical Terms

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain responsible for higher thinking

Cerebellum

Part of the brain that coordinates movement and balance

Brainstem

Controls basic life functions such as breathing

Neuron

Nerve cell that transmits information

Axon

Part of a neuron that carries signals away from the cell body

Dendrite

Branch-like structure that receives signals

Spinal Cord

Bundle of nerves connecting brain and body

Meninges

Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Hypothalamus

Brain region regulating body temperature and hormones

Pituitary Gland

Master gland controlling other endocrine glands

Thyroid

Gland regulating metabolism

Parathyroid

Glands regulating calcium levels

Trachea

Windpipe that carries air to the lungs

Bronchi

Main airways leading to the lungs

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs

Lungs

Organs responsible for breathing

Pleura

Membrane surrounding the lungs

Diaphragm

Primary muscle used for breathing

Atrium

Upper chamber of the heart

Ventricle

Lower chamber of the heart

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

Myocardium

Heart muscle tissue

Pericardium

Protective sac surrounding the heart

Heart Valve

Structure that controls blood flow through the heart

Artery

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

Vein

Blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart

Capillary

Smallest blood vessel where exchange occurs

Spleen

Organ involved in immune function and blood filtration

Lymph Node

Small structure that filters lymph fluid

Bone Marrow

Soft tissue that produces blood cells

Esophagus

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

Stomach

Organ that begins digestion

Duodenum

First section of the small intestine

Jejunum

Middle section of the small intestine

Ileum

Final section of the small intestine

Colon

Large intestine

Rectum

Final portion of the large intestine

Liver

Organ responsible for metabolism and detoxification

Gallbladder

Stores bile produced by the liver

Pancreas

Organ producing digestive enzymes and insulin

Kidney

Organ that filters blood and produces urine

Ureter

Tube carrying urine from kidney to bladder

Bladder

Organ that stores urine

Urethra

Tube through which urine exits the body

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney

Adrenal Gland

Hormone-producing gland above each kidney

Pelvis

Bony structure supporting abdominal organs

Femur

Thigh bone

Tibia

Shin bone

Fibula

Smaller lower leg bone

Patella

Kneecap

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Radius

Forearm bone on the thumb side

Ulna

Forearm bone on the pinky side

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Clavicle

Collarbone

Sternum

Breastbone

Rib

Bone protecting the chest organs

Vertebra

Individual bone of the spine

Mandible

Lower jaw bone

Maxilla

Upper jaw bone

Frontal Lobe

Brain region involved in reasoning

Temporal Lobe

Brain region involved in hearing

Parietal Lobe

Brain region processing touch

Occipital Lobe

Brain region processing vision

Cornea

Clear front surface of the eye

Retina

Light-sensitive layer in the eye

Iris

Colored part of the eye

Lens

Structure that focuses light onto the retina

Cochlea

Inner ear structure for hearing

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin

Dermis

Middle layer of skin

Subcutaneous Tissue

Layer of fat beneath the skin

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Ligament

Connects bone to bone

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue

Muscle

Tissue responsible for movement

Biceps

Muscle on the front of the upper arm

Triceps

Muscle on the back of the upper arm

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle

Quadriceps

Front thigh muscle group

Hamstring

Back thigh muscle group

Endometrium

Inner lining of the uterus

Ovary

Female reproductive organ producing eggs

Uterus

Organ where a fetus develops

Cervix

Lower portion of the uterus

Vagina

Muscular canal leading to the uterus

Testis

Male reproductive organ producing sperm

Prostate

Male gland producing seminal fluid

Epididymis

Structure where sperm mature

Placenta

Organ supplying nutrients to a fetus

Umbilical Cord

Connects fetus to placenta

Immune System

Body's defense against disease

Endocrine System

Hormone-producing organs

Cardiovascular System

Heart and blood vessels

Respiratory System

Organs involved in breathing

Digestive System

Organs involved in digestion

Urinary System

Organs involved in urine production

Reproductive System

Organs involved in reproduction

Integumentary System

Skin, hair, and nails