Classical Greece IMPORTANT FIGURES (copy)

Cimon (510-450 BCE)

Athenian strategos

Convinced poleis to join DL

Commanded at Battle of Eurymedon (466)

He was ostracized from Athens in his later life

Pericles (495-429 BCE)

Athenian

Wealthy

Political prominence in 463 BCE

Introduced Athenian Citizenship Law in 452 BCE

Expanded DL

Died of plague in Athens

Hippocrates (469-399)

Born in Cos

Studied in Athens

Taught medicine

Separated study of medicine and philosophy

Medical works and teachings are in the Hippocratic Corpus

Perdicas II (?-413 BCE)

Macedonian king

Ally of Athens until founding of Amphipolis

Encouraged revolts

Attempted alliance with Spartans, then allied with Athenians in 422 BCE

Alcibiades (450-405 BCE)

Prominent in 430s-400s

Wealthy

Raised in Pericles’ household

Intelligent, charismatic

Demagogue (Great political talker, used desires and prejudice to lure support)

Military commander (Switch sides to Athens, Sparta, Persians, then Athens again)

Associated with Socrates

Phormio (?)

Athenian general

talented naval commander

Won numerous battles

Commanded fleet during Samian War

Nicias (470-413 BCE)

Athenian

Rival of Cleon

Anti-imperialist

Wanted peace with Spartans if it benefit Athens

Cautious leader

Conservative

Commanded at Sicilian Expedition, and was executed

Cleon (?-422 BCE)

Athenian politician

Opposed Pericles

Rival of Nicias

Aggressive

Popular speaker

Gylippus (?-413 BCE maybe)

Spartan general

446 BCE: Expelled from Sparta for accepting bribes

414 BCE: Sent to Sicity to help Syracusans

Daring strategist

Hemocrates (?-407 BCE)

Syracusan general

In favour of 3 generals total

Wanted Sicilian unity

Defended Syracuse during Sicilian Expedition

Banned from Syracuse later on for losing battles, was killed in street fight

Archidamus II (546-469 BCE)

King of Sparta

Reigned from approximately 468 to 427 BCE

Known for response to helot revolt

Disuade war against Athens

Led invasions to Attica

Thrasybulus (440-388 BCE)

Athenian general and politician

Admiral

Opposed the 400

Recalled Alcibiades

Thrasyllus (?-406 BCE)

Democratic supporter at Samos

Elected as general by fleet

Strategist

Theramenes (?-403 BCE)

Athenian politician and general

Helped establish The 400

One of leaders of revolt

Actions centered in Piraeus

Oligarchic tendencies

Demosthenes (general) (?-413 BCE)

Athenian general

Commander at Pylos (425)

Decides on aggressive attack at Syracuse and fails

Executed at Sicily

Astyochos (?-?)

Spartan admiral (412)

Active in eastern Aegan

Supported by Persians

Many unhappy with his leadership

Thucydides (460-400 BCE)

Athenian historian

General

author of History of the Peloponnesian War

was not a great general

Critias (460-403 BCE)

Wealthy Athenian elite

Leading role with the Thirty Tyrants

Playwright

Good friend of Alcibiades

Helped recall Alcibiades

Tissaphernes (445-395 BCE)

Persian satrap (governer) of Sardis

had authority near Greek territory

Attempted to reconquer the Ionian Greek cities of Asia Minor

Pharnabazus (?-374 BCE)

Persian statesman

Satrap of Phrygia (413 BCE)

Controlled the Hellespontine

Pisander (?-?)

Athenian politician

Bad reputation

Organized oligarchic revolution in the 410s BCE

Helped establishThe 400

Socrates (469-399 BCE)

Citizen of Athens

No writings remain

Philosopher

Charged with piety and corrupting youth

Lysander

Spartan admiral

Lover of Agesilaus II

Support of Cyrus and Persians

Major naval victories

Worshipped at Samos

Plato

Athenian citizen

Friend of Socrates

Founder of the Academy

Teacher

Interest in soul, natural world, and metaphysics

Paralus and Salaminia

Athenian triremes

Sacred ships

Pro-democratic crew

Paralus is the most important popular shipp

Callicratidas

Spartan admiral

Opposed Lysander

Believed in Panhellenism

Xenohpon

Philosopher and historian

anti-democratic

Fought under Cyrus II

Later becomes Spartan mercenary

Exiled from Athens

Agis II

Spartan King

Criticized for leadership

Aggressive invasions

Half bro of Agesilaus II

Dercylidas

Spartan commander

Active in Hellespont

Protected Greek cities on Cershonese (wall)

Conflict with Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus

Brasidas

Spartan military commander

Ephor (had some power along with the two Kings in Sparta) in 431

Defended Methone from Athenians

424: Defended Megara from Athenians

Philip II

Macedonian King

(after Peloponnesian War)

Unites upper Macedonia

Great military strategist

Advanced military

Created Macedonian phalanx

Demosthenes

Athenian statesman

Orator (public speaker)

War against Philip II

Urged Greek unity

Created Philippics Oration

Aristotle

Born in North Greece

Educated at the Academy

Tutored Alexander the Great

Researcher and writer

Interested in political theory, literary theory, and logic