Cell Biology Knowledge Organiser - Foundation and Higher

A collection of vocabulary flashcards to enhance understanding of cell biology concepts.

Microscopy

The practice of using a microscope to observe small objects, including preparing slides and labeling important observations.

Differentiation

The process by which a cell changes to become a specialised cell.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a true nucleus; their DNA floats in the cytoplasm.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a true nucleus containing their genetic material.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Mitosis

The process where DNA is copied and the cell divides to produce new cells.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into different types of cells; they can be embryonic or adult stem cells.

Active Transport

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient, which requires energy from respiration.

Villi

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption of digested food.

Gas Exchange

The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs or gills.