biomedical science final study guide 25

respiratory rate

Number of breaths and organism takes per minute

pulse

Rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries, resulting from heart contraction

blood pressure

pressure that ❤blood exerts upon the walls of blood vessels, especially arteries, usually measured with the sphygmomanometer meter and expressed in millimeters of mercery

when measuring ❤bloodwhen measuring blood pressure what does the top number systolic represent?

The pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

what is the proper anatomical location to check radial pulse

inside of the wrist

which vital sign assessment requires the use of a stethoscope

❤blood pressure

platelets

The self fragments that assist with clotting

hematocrit

The proportion of red blood cells in blood

Which preventive health measure most impacts blood cholesterol levels?

dietary choices

What is responsible for glucose being allowed into a cell?

insulin

ATP

Energy molecule used to do work

Cellular respiration

processes that a cell uses to generate energy to do work

carbohydrate

cells primary source of energy can be simple or complex

protein

cells last resort of energy

lipids

cell secondary source of energy

insulin (triangle)

insulin receptor

glucose (octagon)

glucose transporter

lipid (actual definition)

One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids

and steroids that is insoluble to water

protein (actually definition)

A bio molecule made up of building blocks called amino acids

carbohydrates (actual definition)

compound such as sugar starch

and celleous

metabolism

The chemical process of breaking down molecules for energy and of using simple building blocks to build up more complex molecules needed for growth and repair

Chemical reaction

A process of atoms and or molecules are rearranged to transform matter

nucleic acids

both DNA and RNA are examples

hormones

A signaling molecule produced by glands. it induces a simple effect on the activity of cells

if you’re eating a balanced diet proteins are used by the body for what purpose

rebuild structures and tissues

. A mother emailed her son’s teacher about his history of seizures. Months later, the teacher replied to the email to tell the mother about discipline problems. Communication eventually became argumentative. The teacher forwarded the conversation to her best friend, a teacher at the same school. The teacher’s friend does not have this boy in her class. The information about the boy's seizures was at the very bottom of the e-mail thread. 

violation of HIPAA

A 16-year-old is pregnant and visits her doctor. Her mother calls the doctor’s office later with questions about the visit. She asks about the due date, the heart rate of the baby, methods of delivery, genetic risks, and so on. The doctor answers all of the mother’s questions. 

not a violation of HIPAA

If a cell is undergoing a normal cell cycle, if the original cell has 10 chromosomes, then the daughter cells will EACH have

10 chromosomes

anaphase

1. prophase (beggining)

2. telophase

3. metaphase

4. interphase

5. anaphase

6. prophase (later)

prophase

telophase

Which of the following accurately describes the process of mitosis

Daughter cells will have the same kind and number of chromosomes as the parent cell

When a tumor has metastisized it means it

has spread to other tissue

What would be the first thing that would happen in the following list of events when producing a protein?

DNA unwinds and splits open to expose the gene

Which of the following are molecules found in RNA?

Ribose sugar, and base Urical

Translation

• results in a complete amino acid chain which will form protein

  results in a complete amino acid chain which will form protein - no response given

• needs mRNA, tRNAs and  ribosomes

  needs mRNA, tRNAs and  ribosomes - incorrect

• occurs after transcription

ALL OF THE ABOVE

PRO

1. DNA

2. Growing protein chain

3. tRNA

4. Free amino acid

5. mRNA

6. anticodon

7. transcription

8. translation

9. codon

Transcription 

produces a chain of mRNA

DNA is housed in the _________ of the cell and is the starting point for protein synthesis.  When a protein needs to be made, a signal is sent to a cell to turn on the gene that codes for the needed protein.  This is the start of _______________.

cytoplasm and transcription

Which of the following is NOT a true statement

proteins are genes

A female receives 2 _____ chromosomes from her parents.  A male receives one X chromosome and one _____ chromosome from his parents.

X and Y

2. Only if each parent passes a chromosome with the allele to the child, the child will show the trait. 

recessive

Two affected individuals may have unaffected children

dominate

What do geneticists use to visually represent a trait in a family and track the frequency of that trait?

pedigree

autosomal dominant

autosomal recessive

autosomal recessive

BOTH DOMINANT AND RECESIVE

Can a genetic disease such as NF1 be diagnosed with a karyotype?

no

What is the primary purpose of a chromosome spread?

To visualize individual chromosomes during metaphase

monosomy

occurs when one of the chromosomes of a pair is missing

deletion

occurs when a segment of a chromosome is removed or lost

meiosis results in the making of

gametes

the uknown picture

trisomy 21 male

Amy is only nine years old, and her total cholesterol is 550 mg/dL. What is the most likely explanation for her cholesterol being so much higher than other family members with familial hypercholesterolemia?

She has inherited two copies of the defective gene (homozygous)

experiment

A research study conducted to understand an observed phenomenon; determines the effect that one variable has upon another variable.

control

The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied. The control group serves as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.

IV

In an experiment, the variable that the researcher intentionally changes to determine its influence on the dependent variable.

DV

In an experiment, the variable being measured and whose value is influenced by another variable.

point of orgin

any item or location within the scene perimeter in which all measurements are taken from

zone method search

the most likely search method used in the Anna Garcia case because it is for indoor scenes

hair shaft

composed of three layers: the cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla

hair root

part of the hair that is below the surface of the skin

cortex

the intermediate layer of hair

medula

the intermost layer of hair

hemoglobin

a protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen

thrombocytes

platlets; minute, colorless, anucleate disk-like body of  blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and damaged epithelium

You complete blood typing testing and there is agglutination with Anti-A and there is agglutination with Anti-B.  What type of blood is it?

AB

You complete blood typing testing and there is no agglutination with Anti-A and there is agglutination with Anti-B.  What type of blood is it?

B

presumptave testing

initial testing that suggests a sample may be blood

confirmatory testing

test that confirms that the sample is blood by testing presence of proteins on cell surface

Which tool is a restriction enzyme similar to in function?

knife

4

nucleotide

organelles

tiny structures that perform a function in a cell, such as producing energy, housing DNA, packaging proteins, and more

chromosomes

tightly coiled DNA that is found in the nuclei of cells

restriction sites

a sequence of DNA where a restriction enzyme cuts

restriction enzyme

a degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at these sequences called restriction sites. Also known as a restriction endonuclease

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), is double-stranded and helical, and functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses

Nucleotides

building block of DNA that consists of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group