NC EMT STATE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

How many blood pressure measurements does it take to obtain a baseline value for a single patient?

3

4

2

1

3

Your 42-year-old female patient is complaining of left arm numbness and back pain that began 10 minutes ago. She is embarrassed that she called 911, but states that "something just doesn't feel right." She has no medical history, takes no medications, and is allergic to penicillin. She is alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event. Based on this limited information, which of the following vital signs would be least helpful in determining your differential diagnosis?

CBG(Capillary Blood Glucose)

Pulse oximetry

Stroke screen

Electrocardiogram

CBG(Capillary Blood Glucose)

Your patient is a 2-year-old female who was chasing the family dog outside when she ran into the play structure. She struck her anterior body on a pole of the play structure and is complaining of severe abdominal pain. Which of the following is the correct order in which to perform your physical assessment of the patient?

Head, neck, chest, back, extremities, abdomen

Head, neck, chest, abdomen, back, extremities

Head, neck, chest, back, extremities. Do not assess the abdomen due to pain.

Abdomen, chest, head, neck, back, extremities

Head, neck, chest, back, extremities, abdomen

You are attempting to gain a history from your 21-year-old male patient who is experiencing a severe asthma attack. He is able to speak in 1-2 word sentences, has diminished lung sounds, and an initial oxygen saturation of 90%. What is the best method of questioning this patient regarding his medical history?

Direct questions

Facilitation

Clarification

Open-ended questions

Direct questions

Which of the following is not a sign of severe respiratory distress in a pediatric patient?

Wheezing

Retractions

Nasal flaring

See-saw breathing

Wheezing

Which of the following pulse qualities is most worrisome?

Thready

Strong

Bounding

Irregular

Thready

Your patient has gone unresponsive, breathing 8/minute. You start delivering breaths by BVM, but haven't attached 100% oxygen. What concentration of oxygen are you delivering to your patient?

21%

33%

24%

17%

21%

In what situation would it be best to remove a motorcycle helmet after an accident?

The airway is inaccessible, but the patient's breathing is stable

The helmet is snugly fit around the patient's head allowing little to no movement

Proper spinal immobilization can be performed with the helmet on

Removal would cause further pain, but would not compromise spinal integrity

The airway is inaccessible, but the patient's breathing is stable

Why should care be taken not to give too large a volume of air to a patient while administering breaths during CPR?

You may fill the stomach with air causing the victim to vomit

Over-ventilation is very uncomfortable for the victim

Over-ventilation can cause the lungs to expand to an unsafe size

Too much oxygen can hinder the effectiveness of compressions

You may fill the stomach with air causing the victim to vomit

The process in which the hemoglobin molecules in circulating red blood cells picks up oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs is called?

Respiration

Breathing

Oxygenation

Ventilation

Respiration

What happens to most of the oxygen that enters the bloodstream?

It binds with hemoglobin on red blood cells

It dissolves in plasma and is transported

It gets transported as bicarbonate

It remains in the dead space of the respiratory tree

It binds with hemoglobin on red blood cells

You're called to a private residence for a 72-year-old male who has an altered mental status. Vital signs are BP: 102/58, HR: 104, RR: 6/min, SpO2: 88%. What should be your first intervention?

Place an appropriately sized NPA

Place the patient in spinal precautions

Check the patient's temperature

Ventilate the patient with a BVM

Place an appropriately sized NPA

(First things first. If you're going to ventilate the patient using a BVM you need to first place an appropriately sized OPA or NPA or both.)

Your patient has been pulled from a fire. She has decreased tidal volume. Decreased tidal volume can be evident by?

Shallow respirations

Coughing

Decreased respiration rate

Deep respirations

Shallow respirations

A lower airway obstruction occurs in what anatomical structure(s)?

Bronchioles

Trachea

Hypopharynx

Oropharynx

Bronchioles

What should your first action be when treating a conscious 40-year-old male with rapid respirations?

Apply 100% oxygen

Two slow breaths via BVM

Assess the regularity and quality of breathing

Insert an airway adjunct

Apply 100% oxygen

You arrive on scene at the local high school football practice, where a 16-year-old male has gone unconscious. His friend states that he uses an inhaler normally, but the patient had told him that it ran out of medication. You know that this patient suffers from?

Bronchoconstriction

Emphysema

Tracheal Deviation

Bronchodilation

Bronchoconstriction

When a person hyperventilates, their minute volume?

Decreases, due to decreased air volume reaching the alveoli

Increases, due to increased air volume reaching the trachea and bronchi

Increases, due to increased air volume reaching the alveoli

Decreases, due to decreased air volume reaching the trachea and bronchi

Decreases, due to decreased air volume reaching the alveoli

Which of the following is not an anatomically correct difference between adult and pediatric patients?

The trachea is more flexible in adults

The primary cause of cardiac arrest in children is uncorrected respiratory issues

Infant's tongues take up proportionally greater space in the mouth than adults

Pediatric structures are smaller and more easily obstructed

The trachea is more flexible in adults

You are obtaining medical history from an 82-year-old male patient at a care home. Care home staff called 911 after the patient reported having difficulty breathing and his oxygen saturations were dropping despite being on home oxygen. The patient tells you he has atrial fibrillation and COPD. He could have any of the following respiratory diseases, except?

CHF

Emphysema

Bronchitis

Asthma

CHF

Your patient is breathing at 12 breaths-per-minute with adequate tidal volume. During inspiration, pressure in the intrapulmonary space is?

Negative compared to atmospheric pressure

500 mL

Equal to atmospheric pressure

Greater than atmospheric pressure

Negative compared to atmospheric pressure

You and your partner are assessing a 12-year-old patient who is experiencing a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Your partner states the patient has stridorous lung sounds. Stridor is described by which of the following two characteristics?

High-pitched inspiratory sound

Low-pitched expiratory sound

Low-pitched inspiratory sound

High-pitched expiratory sound

High-pitched inspiratory sound

Pulse oximetry measures?

The percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

The percentage of oxygen dissolved in venous blood

The oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin

The oxygen available to muscle/organs

The percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

What is the primary cause of your respiratory rate increasing during exercise, as compared to your respiratory rate at rest?

The level of carbon dioxide in the blood is increased

Involuntary response of the diaphragm

Decreased oxygen available to the cells

The pH is higher

The level of carbon dioxide in the blood is increased

Excessive ventilation can be either too many breaths per minute, or?

Too large a volume per breath

Hypertension

Hypoxygenation

Over oxygenation

Too large a volume per breath

The average tidal volume for an adult male would be which of the following?

500-800 mL

200-300 mL

1500-2000 mL

400-600 mL

500-800 mL

A 2-year-old child was playing with his toy cars outside when his mother noticed the child becoming cyanotic. You and your partner arrive on scene to find that one of the wheels from the truck has become lodged in the child's throat. Where is the wheel most likely lodged?

Cricoid cartilage

Trachea

Carina

Oropharynx

Cricoid cartilage

During a one second ventilation in a patient who is experiencing respiratory arrest, approximately how many mL of air will a bag-mask device deliver?

600 mL

1,000 mL

400 mL

250 mL

600 mL

Hypoxemia is a condition of?

Low arterial concentration of oxygen

Inadequate cardiac output

Poor ventilations

Inadequate delivery of oxygen to the tissues

Low arterial concentration of oxygen

You respond to a 54-year-old male with difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient indicates that he broke both legs three weeks ago and has been confined to his bed since that time. Which of the following is most likely causing this patient's condition?

Pulmonary embolism

Cardiac tamponade

Congestive heart failure

Emphysema

Pulmonary embolism

(There is little information given in this question, so whatever you do, don't make stuff up that isn't there. All you know is that this patient is having chest pain, difficulty breathing, and has been confined to his bed for three weeks. When someone has little movement of the lower extremities, especially after a surgery, clots can form and then move to the lungs. If you answered differently, go look up each of the four conditions so that you can differentiate between them all.)

Which of the following respiratory conditions most commonly make up COPD?

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Pneumonia and spontaneous pneumothorax

Pulmonary embolism and epiglottitis

Asthma and pulmonary edema

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Which of these characteristics is least associated with emphysema?

Productive cough throughout the day

Cor pulmonale

Barrel chest appearance

Polycythemia

Productive cough throughout the day

You are conducting your primary assessment of a patient complaining of difficulty breathing. Using your knowledge of anatomy and physiology, you know that inspiration is __________ and _________ compared to expiration which is __________ and _________.

Active and shorter; passive and longer

Active and longer; passive and shorter

Passive and longer; active and shorter

Passive and shorter; active and longer

Active and shorter; passive and longer

(Inspiration is shorter than expiration (approximately a ratio of 1:3). Inspiration is an active process, requiring contraction of the diaphragm in order to take place. Expiration occurs passively as the diaphragm relaxes.)

The respiratory system has two main functions:

the first is to deliver oxygen to the body. Which of the following is the second?

Remove carbon dioxide from the body

Deliver carbon monoxide to the body

Deliver carbon dioxide to the body

Remove carbon monoxide from the body

Remove carbon dioxide from the body

You approach the scene of a fire where firefighters have just pulled a man from the burning house. You notice he is coughing and is cyanotic as you walk up to treat him. Cyanosis of the skin is due to?

A decrease in the level of arterial oxygen

An increase in the level of venous oxygen

An increase in perfusion

An increase in the amount of circulating oxygen

A decrease in the level of arterial oxygen

You shouldn't suction the airway of an adult patient for more than 15 seconds and should ensure that you only suction while removing the catheter due to the risk of causing?

Hypoxia

Bronchial constriction

Oral aspiration

Tracheal occlusion

Hypoxia

Your newborn patient is going to be receiving blow-by oxygen. The proper rate and delivery of this should be?

5 L through NRB mask

4 L nasal cannula

12 L through NRB mask

10 L through NRB mask

5 L through NRB mask

As the thoracic cavity expands during inspiration, what is most correct about the process?

It causes a negative pressure, drawing air into the lungs.

Negative pressure is caused by the contraction of intercostal muscles.

The ribs expand upward and outward, creating a positive pressure.

The diaphragm relaxes, increasing the pressure.

It causes a negative pressure, drawing air into the lungs.

While assessing the airway of a pediatric patient, you need to determine the patency of the airway. Which of the following is helpful in determining if an airway is patent or not?

Look for movement of the chest and abdomen

Examine the pulse oximetry reading

Determine level of consciousness

Assess the respiratory rate

Look for movement of the chest and abdomen

How should an OPA (oropharyngeal adjunct) be inserted in a child?

Without a twisting motion, as to avoid damaging their palate, which has not fully hardened

An OPA should never be used on children

With extra caution, because children have narrower tracheas than adults

Normally, with a twisting motion to avoid pushing the tongue back into the airway

Without a twisting motion, as to avoid damaging their palate, which has not fully hardened

An NPA (nasopharyngeal adjunct) should never be used when?

The patient has clear fluid coming form the ear/nose

The patient is in shock, or is going into shock

The patient is under 8-years-old

The patient has a gag reflex

The patient has clear fluid coming form the ear/nose

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is poisonous if a person is exposed to it for a given length of time. Carbon monoxide binds to the oxygen carrying molecule hemoglobin in red blood cells, which prevents oxygen from binding to hemoglobin. This effectively suffocates people who inhale large amounts of carbon monoxide. Relative to oxygen, carbon monoxide has what?

A greater affinity for hemoglobin

No affinity for hemoglobin

Absolute affinity for hemoglobin

A lesser affinity for hemoglobin

A greater affinity for hemoglobin

(Carbon monoxide has almost 200 times greater affinity for hemoglobin compared with oxygen. This means that carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more tightly than oxygen. This prevents oxygen from binding to hemoglobin, which starves a persons body of oxygen.)

You are treating a 6-year-old female patient. Her parents called 911 because she fell off a play structure earlier in the day and when they tried to wake her from her nap, she was not alert. She is bradycardic, blood pressure is 70/40, she has an altered mentation, and her skin is warm to the touch. You suspect?

Neurogenic Shock

Anaphylactic shock

Hemorrhagic Shock

Septic Shock

Neurogenic Shock

A stroke is caused by decreased blood flow to part of the brain. A stroke that results from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain is called?

A hemorrhagic stroke

A transient ischemic attack

An ischemic stroke

Atherosclerosis

A hemorrhagic stroke

You respond to a transient camp to find a 47-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain. He tells you to be careful because he has a history of hepatitis C. You know that hepatitis C is primarily spread through?

Blood to blood contact

Saliva

Skin contact with fecal matter

Contact with airborne droplets

Blood to blood contact

Which patient would be the most likely to require insulin injections?

25-year-old male with Type 1 diabetes

92-year-old female with Type 2 diabetes

40-year-old male with hypoglycemia

48-year-old male with Type 2 diabetes

25-year-old male with Type 1 diabetes

(Remember, patients with Type 1 diabetes aren't able to produce their own insulin and would be most likely to need it out of the patients above. Patients with type 2 diabetes are able to control their diabetes by diet and exercise, and often don't need to take external insulin.)

You have been dispatched for a medical evaluation at the request of police. Your patient is a 19-year-old male who consumed hallucinogenic mushrooms prior to entering a haunted corn maze. He became hysterical and violent when he encountered costumed participants and police were called. The patient has been "tased" multiple times and police are requesting patient medical evaluation as well as taser barb removal. You determine medical transport is necessary but the patient must be physically restrained for crew safety. What is the most appropriate way to restrain your patient?

Secure all extremities with soft restraints including one arm over the patient's head and the other arm down by his side

Handcuff the patient with his hands behind him and place him in a prone position

Handcuff the patient with his hands in front of him and place him in semi-Fowler's position

Zip tie the patient's extremities together, then to the gurney and place him in a prone position

Secure all extremities with soft restraints including one arm over the patient's head and the other arm down by his side

All of the following are considered types of connective tissue, except?

Nerves

Skin

Blood

Mucous

Nerves

Arterioles connect the capillaries to which vascular structure?

Arteries

Heart

Veins

Aorta

Arteries

You and your partner are treating a 44-year-old male with chest pressure. As you're evaluating him, he slumps over in his chair and goes pulseless. What are your priorities in treating this patient?

Move him to the floor, begin chest compressions, attach AED, shock if advised.

Move him to the floor, deliver two rescue-breaths, begin chest compressions, attach AED, shock if advised.

Attach AED, shock if advised, move him to the floor, begin chest compressions.

Move him to the floor, attach AED, shock if advised, begin chest compressions.

Move him to the floor, begin chest compressions, attach AED, shock if advised.

Which of the following describes stable angina?

Pain occurs with exertion and subsides with rest

Pain occurs with rest and exertion

Pain does not improve with rest

Pain lasts greater than 30 minutes despite rest

Pain occurs with exertion and subsides with rest

(Stable angina is a predictable pain that most often occurs with exertion or emotional stress, but subsides with rest and calm.)

You are called to a 'patient down' at a private residence. As you get inside and into the back bedroom, you can see that there is a woman face down and motionless. She does not appear to be conscious and there is a pool of saliva next to her head. Your partner maintains spinal precautions as you roll her onto her back. The husband states that she has a history of heart problems, takes a lot of medications, and has no allergies. What would you do next?

Verify the absence of a carotid pulse and begin CPR

Open the airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver and deliver two rescue breaths

Verify a palpable pulse, attach the AED, and prepare to analyze

Have your partner begin CPR

Verify the absence of a carotid pulse and begin CPR

(Remember C-A-B before jumping right into CPR. Verify a carotid pulse, or the absence of one, and begin CPR immediately if the patient is pulseless.)

You are assessing an unresponsive 2-month-old female. You note cyanosis around the lips and her parents tell you she has been sick for a couple days. Pulse - 52, R - 20, SpO2 - 90%, CBG - 73. What is your first priority?

Start compressions

Deliver ventilation by BVM

Rapid transport

Administer high flow O2

Start compressions

(This patient is not adequately perfusing and once you see a heart rate under 60, you should start compressions immediately.)

You are assisting with the birth of a full-term neonate. As the head appears, you note the umbilical cord wrapped around the neck and efforts to unwrap it are unsuccessful. What is your next step in assisting this delivery?

Clamp the cord in two locations and cut the cord in between the clamps

Continue with the delivery

Continue with your attempts to free the cord from the neck

Load the patient on your stretcher and transport code 3 to the nearest hospital

Clamp the cord in two locations and cut the cord in between the clamps

You are dispatched to a 28-year-old female complaining of severe lower left abdominal pain radiating to her flank. She states it was sudden onset, has no medical history, and takes no medications. Her blood pressure is 142/68, pulse is 100, and her respiratory rate is 18. She thinks her last menstrual cycle was over 2 months ago. Her pain is 10/10. What is the patient most likely presenting with?

Ectopic pregnancy

Placenta Previa

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Placenta Abrupto

Ectopic pregnancy

(Due to the age, 10/10 pain, and lack of medical history, this patient is presenting with an eptopic pregnancy. AAA will present with radiating back pain. Placenta Abrupto and Previa generally occur in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.)

When helping a patient deliver her baby in the field, you should coach her to push for ____ seconds, and rest for ____ seconds.

10, 10

30, 60

30, 30

5, 30

10, 10

Acrocyanosis refers to which of the following?

Pink core and cyanotic extremities

Cyanotic core and cyanotic extremities

Pink core and pink extremities

Cyanotic core and pink extremities

Pink core and cyanotic extremities

(Acro = extremity, cyano = blue, osis = condition of)

Delivery of the placenta marks the end of which stage of labor?

Third

Fourth

Second

First

Third

You are delivering a baby in the field. As the baby's head comes out, it is facing downward. You should?

Suction the mouth and nose, and continue the delivery as normal

Suction the mouth and nose, then call medical direction and request instructions

Suction the mouth and nose, then provide positive pressure to the baby's head. Keep pressure applied, and instruct the mother not to push. Transport to the hospital immediately

Suction the mouth and nose, then gently twist the baby so that it is face-up

Suction the mouth and nose, and continue the delivery as normal

You are called to the home of a 20-year-old pregnant female who is 37-weeks pregnant. Upon arrival, she tells you that she had a sudden visual obstruction while going up the steps to her apartment. She described it as "seeing wiggly lines off to the side" in her peripheral vision followed immediately by a migraine which has lasted for over 2 hours. She is mentally competent and has no other complaints besides the migraine at this time. Vitals: BP 142/92, HR 90, RR 18, SpO2 98%, and her skin is slightly warm and diaphoretic. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition and what is the best course of action?

Preeclampsia, recommend rapid transport

Placenta Previa, recommend rapid transport

Migraine, call medical control

TIA, recommend rapid transport

Preeclampsia, recommend rapid transport

(The patient's blood pressure, skin condition, vision disturbances, and headache should all alert you to preeclampsia. Rapid recognition and transport are the best course of action.)

Up to how many mL of blood loss is typically well tolerated by the mother following delivery?

500

2000

1500

1000

500

(Up to 500 mL blood loss is considered normal after delivery.)

You arrive on scene of a 2-month-old lethargic female. The patient is unconscious, but breathing. Vital signs: BP 78/40, P 44, R 16, SpO2 95%. What is going to be your immediate intervention?

Begin chest compressions at a ratio of 15:2 (compressions to breath ratio)

Ventilate with a BVM @ 15 L/min at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute

Immediate transport

NRB @ 15 L/min and immediate transport

Begin chest compressions at a ratio of 15:2 (compressions to breath ratio)

(If a pediatric patient's pulse is less than 100, but greater than 60, ventilate the patient with high-flow oxygen at a rate of 1 breath every 3-5 seconds (12-20 breaths/min). However, because this patient's pulse is less than 60, you must immediately begin chest compressions at a rate of 15:2 (compressions to breath ratio for two rescuers).)

You are assessing a lethargic 3-year-old male when he begins to have a full-body seizure. What interventions should you perform on the child?

Move him to a place free of obstructions like the bed

Hold the patient close to your body to prevent further injury

Move him to your gurney and transport immediately

Place an OPA into his airway

Move him to a place free of obstructions like the bed

Your patient is a term neonate that is experiencing a sinus infection. You know that a term neonate is a baby that is zero to how many days old?

28

21

14

7

28

(A term neonate is any child who is 0 to 28 days old.)

Your patient is a 33-year-old female who is G4P3 and due in one month. Her husband called 911 when she began experiencing moderate, bright red vaginal bleeding. She has no complaints but is continuing to bleed. What do you think is wrong with your patient?

Placenta previa

Eclampsia

Ectopic pregnancy

Abruptio placenta

Placenta previa

(Placenta previa is characterized by painless, bright red bleeding that usually occurs later in pregnancies. It occurs more often in older women who have had previous births. It can become a life-threatening condition if the bleeding is not stopped.)

Due to the potential for life-threatening hemorrhage, patients presenting with possible placenta previa should be treated for?

Shock

Dehydration

Abruptio placentae

Hypertensive crisis

Shock

(Patients with active hemorrhage should always be treated for shock.)

APGAR scores should be recorded how many times and at what intervals?

Twice; 1 and 5 minutes after delivery

Twice, 1 and 20 minutes after delivery

Once, immediately after delivery

Once 5 minutes after delivery

Twice; 1 and 5 minutes after delivery

A one-year-old male fell off a piece of playground equipment onto the bark chips below. The fall was 10 feet to the ground. You should focus your attention on?

Possible internal injuries

Whether it was an accident or intentional

Skin damage

External injuries

Possible internal injuries

(In severe falls in which a child falls more than three times his height, the focus should be on potential internal injuries. External injuries and skin damage should be treated, but are not as potentially serious. It is not your job to determine whether the fall was an accident.)

here are many different signs of respiratory distress that range from early to late, that can ultimately lead to respiratory failure. In the pediatric patient, which of the following would be considered an early sign of respiratory failure?

Marked tachypnea

Bradycardia

Coma

Stupor

Marked tachypnea

You are assessing a newborn infant. Which of the following breathing rates are you most likely going to see in a healthy newborn?

40-60/min

12-20/min

70/min

80/min

40-60/min

(In a healthy baby, you will generally see a respiratory rate of 40-60/min.)

Your patient is a 9-year-old female who is unusually quiet according to her mother. She looks distant and is responding to verbal commands. When you take her vitals, you notice a slowed pulse. You suspect she is experiencing?

Hypoxia

Stroke

Hypoglycemia

Hypotension

Hypoxia

(In children, hypoxia often presents as altered mental status and bradycardia. Hypoxia occurs when there is a deprivation of oxygen to the body.)

The most common cause of cardiac arrest in a child is?

Respiratory arrest

Congenital heart condition

Anaphylaxis

Airway obstruction

Respiratory arrest

You are performing an emergency delivery in the back of the ambulance. You are unable to get the umbilical cord slipped over the baby's neck as it is too tight. What should you do next?

Apply clamps, cut the cord and proceed with the delivery

Support the head and suction the baby's nose and mouth

Have the mother push harder on the next contraction

Push the baby's head back into the vagina until the cord comes loose

Apply clamps, cut the cord and proceed with the delivery

You respond to a 4-year-old child who presents with vomiting and bloody loose stools. The mother reports that the child has been acting confused and clumsy. You assess the child and discover that she has dilated pupils, excessive salivation, and discoloration around her mouth. These symptoms should lead you to suspect?

Poisoning

Traumatic brain injury

Meningitis

Anaphylactic shock

Poisoning

During pregnancy, what changes occur to the mother's body?

Increased stroke volume

Decreased blood volume

Decrease in the plasma volume

Slowed heart rate

Increased stroke volume

(During pregnancy, the blood volume is going to increase to compensate for for the growing fetus. With that will come an increase in the heart rate, an increase in plasma volume and an increase in the stroke volume. Remember, stroke volume is the amount of blood expelled from the heart each time the heart beats.)

The use of oral contraceptives have been associated with all of the following side effects, except?

PID

Stroke and heart attack

Pulmonary embolism

Hypertension

PID

The classic triad of preeclampsia is?

Hypertension, proteinuria, edema/weight gain

Accessory muscle use, tonic-clonic seizures, edema/weight gain

JVD, edema, irritability

Hypotension, proteinuria, edema/weight gain

Hypertension, proteinuria, edema/weight gain

You are called to a 36-year-old female who is having labor pains. She appears to be in active labor and as you inspect the vagina, she begins to bleed excessively prior to crowning. You should immediately?

Treat with high-flow O2 and rapid transportation. Place a sanitary napkin over the vaginal opening.

Deliver the fetus and control any bleeding.

Massage the uterus to slow bleeding.

Treat with high-flow O2 and rapid transportation. Gently place a sanitary napkin in the vagina, and replace it every few minutes as needed.

Treat with high-flow O2 and rapid transportation. Place a sanitary napkin over the vaginal opening.

When assessing infants, apnea lasting longer than twenty seconds is classified as?

Serious apnea

Minor apnea

Absolute apnea

Complete apnea

Serious apnea

You were dispatched to a pregnancy problem with imminent delivery. While on scene, the mother delivered an infant. You determine the 1-minute APGAR score to be 2 (A:0,P:1,G:0,A:0,R:1) and begin resuscitation of the newborn. The newborn does have slow and irregular respirations with a pulse rate of 30. What should your compression to ventilation ratio be while performing CPR?

3:1

15:1

30:2

15:2

3:1

(The correct compression to ventilation ratio in newborn resuscitation is 3:1.)

When shoulder dystocia occurs during delivery, where is the infant's shoulder getting stuck?

Mother's pelvic bone

Mother's uterus

Umbilical cord

Mother's vaginal canal

Mother's pelvic bone

Excessive pain during menstruation is known as?

Dysmenorrhea

Menorrhagia

Diplopia

Menopause

Dysmenorrhea

What is the number one most common disabling birth anomaly in the United States?

Spina Bifida

Hydrocephalus

Duchenne's

Crohn's

Spina Bifida

After arriving at the residence of a woman in active labor, you determine that the delivery is imminent. The mother is full-term and received prenatal care throughout her pregnancy. As an EMT, what is your biggest concern for the mother?

Blood loss

Occlusive stroke

Hypoxia

Eclampsia

Blood loss

You notice that your 10-month-old patient is performing belly breathing. This signifies which of the following?

Normal breathing

Loud breathing

Rapid breathing

Labored breathing

Normal breathing

Ectopic pregnancies are usually discovered by which month of pregnancy?

2nd

4th

3rd

1st

2nd

The normal respiratory rate for an infant is how many breaths per minute?

25-50

15-30

10-18

12-20

25-50

The proper compression ratio for two-rescuer infant CPR is?

15 compressions to 2 breaths

1 breath to 15 compressions

30 compressions to 2 breaths

5 breaths to 15 compressions

15 compressions to 2 breaths

Where should you stand when knocking on a front door of a residence with loud shouting coming from inside?

Stand to the side of the door so the person answering has to fully open the door and look outside in order to see you

Stand to the side of the door so the person answering only has to crack the door open in order to see you

Stand as close to the door as possible so the person answering cannot look out the peephole and see you

Stand in front of the door so the person answering the door can see you

Stand to the side of the door so the person answering has to fully open the door and look outside in order to see you

As you approach in your ambulance to the scene of a possible heart attack, you notice that the fence has been damaged and there is loud barking coming from the backyard. The door to the house is open, but there appears to be no one moving inside. How should you proceed?

Make sure that the scene has been secured by law enforcement before proceeding any further

Wait inside your ambulance until the scene appears secure

Call for a backup ambulance, and continue moving into the home to look for patients

Move cautiously into the home to see if you can find the patient

Make sure that the scene has been secured by law enforcement before proceeding any further

Standard precautions, or body substance isolation precautions, are required for exposure to all of the following, except?

Sweat

Avulsed skin

Blood

Vaginal secretions

Sweat

(Most bodily fluids or secretions, with the exception of sweat, require standard precautions.)

Which of the following is not correct in regards to "staging" your ambulance while waiting for police to respond?

Park across the street from the address, but leave the ambulance running

Turn off your siren

Advise dispatch when and where you are staged

Turn off your emergency lights

Park across the street from the address, but leave the ambulance running

When ambulances are designated a staging location that is a known high call volume area, this is called?

Primary areas of responsibility (PAR)

Demographic staging

Deployment

Stationing

Primary areas of responsibility (PAR)

Which of the following is not one of the main components of a mass casualty incident?

Communication

Transportation

Command

Triage

Communication

(Command, triage, and transportation are the core of what all activities during a mass casualty incident are based on. Maintaining these three components creates a basic framework to help organize the mass casualty incident.)

A mechanical-piston device and load-distributing band in EMS is used to describe the category of machine that does which of the following actions?

Performs chest compressions

Administers medications

Provides positive pressure ventilations

Provides ventilations

Performs chest compressions

During an MCI, which of the following positions is responsible for coordinating the movement of patients from the treatment area to ambulances?

Transportation officer

Staging officer

Triage officer

Treatment officer

Transportation officer

Which of the following correctly lists the phases of a rescue operation?

Arrival and size-up, hazard control, patient access, medical treatment, disentanglement, patient packaging, removal/transport

Disentanglement, patient access, removal/transport, medical treatment, arrival and size-up, hazard control, patient packaging

Hazard control, arrival and size-up, medical treatment, patient access, disentanglement, patient packaging, removal/transport

Arrival and size-up, hazard control, patient access, disentanglement, removal/transport, patient packaging, medical treatment

Arrival and size-up, hazard control, patient access, medical treatment, disentanglement, patient packaging, removal/transport

You are carrying a 33-year-old male patient with a suspected spinal injury on a backboard. The backboard should be carried so that the patient is oriented which direction?

Feet first

On their side

In a position of comfort

Head first

Feet first

(The patient should be oriented feet first when being carried. This allows a conscious patient to see in the direction that they are moving.)

Which of the following patients would not benefit from an aeromedical transport?

Multisystem trauma patient in a motor vehicle crash that is 10 minutes (ground transport) from a Level 1 trauma center

A burn patient with full-thickness burns to over 60% of their body

Patient with bilateral femur fractures and fractured pelvis in a rural community with no hospital

Severely injured patient entrapped in a vehicle and requiring 30 minutes of extrication

Multisystem trauma patient in a motor vehicle crash that is 10 minutes (ground transport) from a Level 1 trauma center

As an EMS provider, your community expects you to show up fast and be ready to provide appropriate medical interventions when they call. They willingly allow you into their homes in their time of need and trust that you will be take care of them and bring them no harm. These expectations are referred to as?

Ethics

Diplomacy

Rules of conduct

Professionalism

Ethics

What is the narrowest portion of the pediatric airway?

Cricoid cartilage

Hyoid bone

Arytenoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage