Bio 12-Final Review

Which of the following is NOT one of the core concepts of biology?

• Life is subject to chemical and physical laws (systems)

• Living systems depend on flow and exchange of information

• Scientific theories are the basis of biological understanding

• Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life

Scientific theories are the basis of biological understanding

Which of the following core concepts best represents the following statement:

The cell membrane of plant cells has many specialized protein channels that allow large amounts of water to pass into and out of the cell, which are crucial for supporting plant-specific processes such as root water absorption and stomatal opening and closing.

• Transformations of energy and matter

• Information flow

• Structure function

• Evolution

Structure function

On the following graph, what is the difference in height at 4 days between plants gown with fertilizer and plants grown without fertilizer?

• 2.2 cm

• 1.5 cm

• 0.7 cm

• 1.7 cm

0.7

On the following graph, at what point did plants grown with 6 hours of sunlight reach a height of 40 mm?

• Between day 8 and day 9

• On day 50

• Just before day 4

• Between day 5 and day 6

Between day 5 and day 6

What is the variable on the x axis of the following graph?

• Meal size

• Time

• Energy source

• Metabolic rate

Time

Which of the following CANNOT undergo evolution?

• The two new kitties you adopted from the animal rescue

• Petri dish covered with a population of yeast cells sitting in the laboratory

• The different species of mold covering a piece of fruit on your counter

• A population of mice in a research lab

The two new kitties you adopted from the animal rescue

What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

• Microevolution describes the evolution of microbes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of larger, multicellular organisms.

• Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms across multiple generations.

• Microevolution describes the evolution of molecules, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms.

• Microevolution describes evolution occurring within populations, while macroevolution describes evolution of species or groups of species over long periods of time.

Microevolution describes evolution occurring within populations, while macroevolution describes evolution of species or groups of species over long periods of time.

Which of the following are the best examples of homologous structures?

• eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American mole...because both traits originated independently in response to occupying a dark underground environment

• bat wing and bird wing...because wings evolved independently in each group to solve the challenge of acquiring airborne food resources

• bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb...because both bats and humans originated from a common mammalian ancestor

• owl wing and hornet wing...because they both have wings despite being in completely different evolutionary lineages

bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb...because both bats and humans originated from a common mammalian ancestor

Broccoli, kohlrabi, cauliflower, cabbage, and kale are all agricultural crops that arose via selection for different traits found in their shared wild mustard plant ancestor. This is an example of:

• Convergent evolution

• Invasive species

• Anatomical homology

• Artificial selection

artificial selection

Researchers have discovered fossils from small "dwarf" mammoths on different islands around the world. In some cases, the dwarf island mammoths have been taxonomically classified as a different species than the mainland species. In other cases, they have been classified as just a separate population with smaller individuals than the mainland population. These dwarf mammoths have been found on the Channel Islands west of California, on Wrangel Island north of Siberia, on St. Paul Island off the coast of Alaska, and on the island of Sardinia west of mainland Italy. This example provides which of the following kinds of evidence of evolution? Check all that apply.

• Artificial selection

• Fossil evidence

• Biogeographic evidence
  Orthologous evidence

• Developmental homologies

Fossil Evidence

Biogeographic Evidence

You survey a population and find that one particular gene locus has a dominant allele frequency p =

0.6. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and there are two alleles at this locus, which of the following statements is true? (select one)

• q2=0.04

• q=0.4

• 2pq = 0.24

• p2=60%

q=0.4

You survey a population and find that the allele frequencies are p = 0.75 and q = 0.25. What would

happen to the allele frequency of p if the population followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for 200 generations?

• It would increase

• It would remain the same

• It would fluctuate/change randomly

• It would decrease,

It would remain the same

Which of the following statements about population genetic factors is true?

• Most populations of most species are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

• Multiple population genetic factors may simultaneously alter allele and genotype frequencies within a natural population.

• Genetic drift is the primary factor altering allele and genotype frequencies in a population.

• Natural selection is not an important factor shaping allele and genotype frequencies within a natural population.

Multiple population genetic factors may simultaneously alter allele and genotype frequencies within a natural population

Invasive quagga mussels are invading many lakes and reservoirs in California. They are typically transported from lake to lake via recreation and fishing boats that have not been fully cleaned after spending time in an infected lake. In some cases, population-level allele and genotype frequencies within a lake that already has a population of quagga mussels are altered when there is a new introduction of individuals to the lake from a boater who has not appropriately cleaned their boat.

Which population genetic mechanism is occurring in this scenario?

• genetic drift

• natural selection

• non-random mating

• gene flow

gene flow

Which population genetic mechanism is rare, but responsible for producing entirely new genetic variants within a species?

• mutation

• non-random mating

• gene flow

• genetic drift

mutation

In a species of moth living within the Amazon rainforest, there are two primary wing colors, green and brown. These moths are eaten by birds, who use the contrast between the moth wing color and the background colors of the forest to locate the moths. As moths with brown wings become less common due to predation and the moths with the green wings become more common, the brown-winged moths become less likely to be eaten and more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, the brown-winged moths then become more common and the consequences of predation on green- and brown-winged moths reverse. This is an example of:

• diversifying selection

• sexual selection

• negative frequency-dependent selection

• stabilizing selection

negative frequency-dependent selection

A region within the Sonora desert is characterized by two types of rocks: light granitic rocks and dark basalt lava flow rocks. A population of pocket mice, Chaetodipus intermedius, lives in this desert. The fur of pocket mice that live on the granite rocks is lighter, and the fur of pocket mice that live on the basalt lava rocks is darker. Fur color is a trait that can arise by genetic mutation. Over many generations, the frequency of mice with darker vs lighter fur fluctuates a bit, but overall, individuals with both fur colors occur in this population over many generations. Which of the following types of natural selection is likely operating in this population?

• diversifying selection

• sexual selection

• stabilizing selection

• directional selection

diversifying selection

Two distinct species of monkeyflowers (plants), Mimulus lewsii and Mimulus cardinalis, co-occur at mid-elevations in the mountains of California. When crossed in a greenhouse, the two species produce fertile hybrids but hybrid plants are somewhat less fit and produce fewer seeds than non-hybrid plants. This is likely an example of what reproductive isolating mechanism?

• Hybrid breakdown

• Behavioral isolation

• Hybrid sterility

• Mechanical isolation

Hybrid breakdown

At some time within the last 10,000 years, a population of California poppy, Eschscholia californica, gave rise to a new species, Eschscholzia caespitosa. Both species are still living and the geographic range of E. caespitosa is, and always was, entirely within the geographic range of the widespread E. californica. This appears to be an example of ....

• allopatric speciation

• postzygotic barrier

• extensive gene flow between two populations

• sympatric speciation

sympatric speciation

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic barrier?

• The failure of fertilized eggs to develop normally

• different mating seasons

• different (or incompatible) gametic cells

• occupying different habitats

the failure of fertilized eggs to develop normally

Which of the following is the correct order for classifying organisms (from most similar to least similar)?

• genus, species, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

• domain, kingdom, class, phylum, order, family, genus, species

• species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

• species, genus, family, class, order, kingdom, phylum, domain

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

In binomial nomenclature, which part of the scientific name is italicized?

• Only the species name

• Only the genus name

• Neither the genus nor the species name

• Both the genus and species names

Both the genus and species names

When grouping organisms, which classification is the most general for a particular type of organism?

• Class

• Kingdom

• Domain

• Supergroup

Domain

Based on this phylogeny from research by King et al. 2008, which species is the sister group to animals (Metazoa)?

• D. discoideum, a slime mold protist

• M. brevicollis, a choanoflagellate protist

• Zygomycete, a type of fungus

• Arabidopsis sp., a member of Plantae

M.Brevicollis, a choanoflagellate protist

What does the "root" of a phylogenetic tree represent?

• The most recent common ancestor of all the organisms in the tree.

• The most recently evolved species on the tree.

• An individual species unrelated to the other species on the tree.

• A branching point from the ancestral population.

The most recent common ancestor of all theorganisms represented in the tree.

Using the tree below, answer the following question. What is the shared derived trait for A, B, C, and D?

• fur

• tail

• teeth

• hair

Teeth

Based on your readings and the figure below, which of the following is not true of horizontal gene transfer?

• It is common in the unicellular Domains of Bacteria and Archaea

• It was prevalent in the early stages of evolution

• It can provide a survival advantage, such as antibiotic resistance

• it describes the phenomenon of obtaining genetic material from a parental organism

It describes the phenomenon of obtaining genetic material from a parental organism.

Which of the following is the definition of a chemoheterotroph?

• Must obtain organic molecules both for energy and as a carbon source.

• Can survive in oxygen-containing environments but do not need oxygen to survive.

• Uses light as a source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules.

• Are poisoned by oxygen and obtain energy by fermentation or anaerobic respiration.

Must obtain organic molecules both for energy and as a carbon source

Which of the following are key characteristics of Archaea? Pick all that apply

• Can have cell walls made of protein

• Has a circular chromosome

• Often live in ecologically extreme environments

• Has membrane-bound organelles

• Divided by mitosis

• Can have cells wall made of protein

• Has circular chromosome

• Often live in ecologically extreme environments

Peptidoglycan is a key structural and molecular characteristic of which type of organism?

• fungal cell walls

• protist cell walls

• bacterial cell walls

• archaeal cell walls

Bacterial cell walls

Which of the following is NOT a mode of movement used by protists?

• Mycelia

• Pseudopodia

• Cilia

• Flagella

Mycelia

A protist that moves using pseudopodia (aka "false feet") is most likely a member of which group?

• Diatoms

• Amoebozoa

• Flagellates

• Ciliates

amoebozoa

Which of the following is a defining feature of a plant-like protist (algae)?

• The presence of pseudopodia

• Its ability to photosynthesize

• The presence of cilia

• Its ability to form spores

is its ability to photosynthesize.

What are two ways in which fungi are like plants?

• Like plants, fungi have a cell wall and have low mobility.

• Like plants, fungi get their energy from the sun and store it as glycogen.

• Like plants, fungi are multicellular eukaryotes and have an autotrophic metabolism.

• Like plants, fungi are unicellular and absorb their nutrients from the environment.

Like plants, fungi have a cell wall and haw low mobility

Compare the structural components of fungi and animals. How does the presence of chitin relate to both groups?

• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, while some animals have exoskeletons made of chitin, which protect them from predators and desiccation.

• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, while animals have cell walls made of cellulose, another polysaccharide.

• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, while all animals have cell walls made of only phospholipids and proteins.

• Fungi and animals all have cell walls made of chitin.

Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, while some animals have exoskeletons made of chitin, which protect them from predators and desiccation.

Which statement best describes the presence of fruiting bodies in fungi?

• Fruiting bodies are specialized structures that fungi produce when it is time to reproduce asexually through mitosis.

• Fruiting bodies only exist in plants.

• Fruiting bodies are the main body of fungi that is specialized in feedin A

• Fruiting bodies are specialized sexual structures that are formed after compatible fungal individuals have mated.

Fruiting bodies are specialized sexual structures that are formed after compatible fungal individuals have mated.

As shown in the developing embryo above, the blastopore can develop into the mouth of an organism.

The fate of the blastopore is an important developmental difference between

• diploblasts and triploblasts.

• Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.

• Cnidarians and Porifera.

• protostomes and deuterostomes.

protostomes and deuterostomes.

Which of the following is not a feature common to most animals?

• specialized tissues

• heterotrophic nutrient sourcing

• asexual reproduction

• development into a fixed body plan

asexual reproduction

You have identified a new animal species. You can divide the organism in equal halves through a number of different planes. How would you describe the symmetry of this animal?

• diploblastic

• bilateral

• radial

• asymmetrical

radial

Which of the following is NOT an observation that led to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?

• Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring

• Only a fraction of an individual’s offspring may survive

• Species produce more offspring that the environment may support

• There is heritable variation

Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring

According to the phylogenetic tree, which of the following statements is correct?

• Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa are both part of Deuterostomia.

• Platyhelminthes are more closely related to Arthropoda than to Mollusca.

• Bilateria includes both Protostomia and Deuterostomia.

• Porifera is more closely related to Cnidaria than to any other group.

Bilateria includes both Protostomia and Deuterostomia.

This clade of animals is characterized by spiny skin and a water vascular system

• Echinodermata

• Porifera

• Chordata

• Annelida

Enchinodermata

A researcher discovers an invertebrate with a notochord and pharyngeal slits but no backbone. To which subphylum does it likely belong?

• Arthropoda

• Mollusca

• Cephalochordata

• Echinodermata

Cephalochrodata

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of a vertebrate?

• a gastrovascular cavity

• a vertebral column

• an endoskeleton of cartilage or bone

• a cranium

A gastrovascular cavity

Which of the following correctly describes homeostasis?

• The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment

• The mechanism by which organisms grow and develop

• The active transport of water in animal cells

• The process of breaking down food into nutrients

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment

Which of the following correctly defines the relationship between structure and function in animal tissues?

• Function determines the structure of tissues, and all tissues have the same function

• Tissue function changes randomly depending on environmental conditions

• Structure determines function, and different tissues are specialized for distinct functions

• The structure of all tissues is the same, but functions differ based on organ location

Structure determines function, and different tissues are specialized for distinct functions.

Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostasis?

• A person shivering when exposed to cold weather

• A person's heart rate increasing during exercise to supply more oxygen

• Sweating to cool down during exercise

• The body increasing glucose production in response to high blood sugar

The body increasing glucose production in response to high blood sugar

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

• the dendritic and the axonal systems

• the sensory system and the motor system

• the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

• the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

The peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

• Somatic operates during sleep; autonomic operates during activity

• Somatic controls voluntary movement; autonomic regulates internal organs

• Somatic connects to smooth muscle; autonomic connects to skeletal muscle

• Somatic is involuntary; autonomic is voluntary

Somatic controls voluntary movement; autonomic regulates internal organs

Jamie is camping in the woods and a bear has come into his camp looking for food. Upon seeing the bear, Jamie's sympathetic nervous system is activated. Which of the following would not be a response of Jamie's sympathetic nervous system?

• A decrease in Jamie's heart rate

• The dilation of Jamie's pupils

• Inhibited digestion in Jamie's body

• The release of adrenaline into Jamie's blood stream

A decrease in Jamie's heart rate

Which of the following components of blood is incorrectly matched with its functions?

• Platelets - Blood clotting

• Plasma - Osmotic balance, pH buffering

• Leukocytes - Defense and immunity

• Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - Defense and immunity

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - Defense and immunity

What is the main difference between an open and closed circulatory system?

• Open systems transport oxygen more efficiently

• Closed systems don't use a heart

• Closed systems separate blood from interstitial fluid

• Open systems do not use vessels

Closed systems separate blood from interstitial fluid

Why are open circulatory systems advantageous to some animals?

• They help very large insects develop.

• They do not need a heart.

• They help the animal move faster.

• They use less metabolic energy.

They use less metabolic energy

How would you calculate the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?

• 100% × 760 mmHg = 760 mmHg

• 21% × 760 mmHg = 160 mmHg

• 4% × 760 mmHg = 30 mmHg

• 70% × 760 mmHg = 532 mmHg

21%× 760 mmHg = 160 mmHg

Gas exchange for animals with gills living in water is more difficult than for animals with lungs living on land because:

• gills have less surface area than lungs

• gills allow only unidirectional transport

• water is less dense than air

• water contains lower concentrations of oxygen than air

Water contains lower concentrations of oxygen than air

Why is oxygen considered essential for maintaining homeostasis at the cellular level?

• It keeps the immune system active

• It is needed for ATP production during cellular respiration

• It neutralizes toxins in the digestive system

• It provides structure to the cell membrane

It keeps the immune system active

What type of immunity is present in both invertebrates and vertebrates?

• Innate immunity

• Adaptive immunity

• Cell-mediated immunity

• Humoral immunity

Innate immunity

What is the main difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?

• The primary response produces more antibodies.

• The secondary response occurs only in innate immunity.

• The secondary response is faster and stronger due to memory cells.

• Only the primary response involves B cells.

The secondary response is faster and stronger due to memory cells.

Which of the following is not a form of adaptive immunity?

• antibodies

• cytotoxic T cells

• skin and mucous membranes

• secondary response

skin and mucous membranes

Which of the following statements about the human immune system is false?

• Protective mechanical barriers, such as skin, are a part of innate immunity and help protect the body against pathogens

• Innate immunity is a slow response that has a small effect on human health, and is not frequently used to fight off pathogens that individuals encounter

• Helper T cells activate B cells which then produce plasma cells that release antibodies

• Vaccines are used to "prime" the body against a pathogen so that the individual will produce a stronger, faster immune response to that pathogen in the future

Innate immunity is a slow response that has a small effect on human health, and is not frequently used to fight off pathogens that individuals encounter

A child receives a flu vaccine for the first time. What is the expected time frame for the adaptive immune system to produce a significant antibody response?

• 7-14 days

• Over 28 days

• 3-6 days

• 1-2 days

7-14 days

Plants with vascular tissue can be found in which of the following groups? Check all that apply.

• ferns

• angiosperm

• gymnosperm

• moss

• ferns

• angiosperm

• gymnosperm

One of the main criteria used to distinguish one of the major categories of land plants from the others is

• presence of xylem and phloem

• presence of chlorophyll

• color

• sporopollenin

presence of xylem and phloem

Land plants and their closest green algal relatives are collectively known as:

• lycophytes

• streptophytes

• bryophytes

• chlorophytes

streptophytes

A botanist discovers a new species of plant. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: true roots, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations, vascular tissue, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to

• the bryophytes

• the angiosperms

• the gymnosperms

• the ferns

the ferns

Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations life cycle in a vascular plant?

• haploid gametophyte → gametes → spores → meiosis → fertilization → diploid sporophyte

• spores→ zygote → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes

• sporophyte → meiosis → gametes → gametophyte → spores

• sporophyte → meiosis → spores → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote

sporophyte → meiosis → spores → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote

The type of plant tissue that is covered by the cuticle and includes trichomes and stomata is called

• storage

• vascular

• ground

• dermal

dermal

The plant organ responsible for lifting and separating leaves and reproductive structures is known as the

Correct!

• stem

• leaf

• fruit

• root

stem

Tracheids, vessel elements, sieve-tube cells, and companion cells make up the xylem and phloem and therefore are components of __-

• meristematic tissue

• vascular tissue

• dermal tissue

• ground tissue

vascular tissue

In a flowering plant's reproductive organs, initial formation of pollen grains occurs in a structure known as the

• anther

• sepal

• pistil

• megasporangium

anther

Before fertilization can take place in flowering plants,

• the pollen will fuse directly with the ovule.

• The pollen will land on the stigma and a pollen tube will grow down the style.

• The pollen will enter the ovary as a tube cell and a generative cell.

• The pollen will land on the style and a pollen tube will grow down the stigma.

the pollen will land on the stigma and a pollen tube will grow down the style.

In flowering plants, the ovule contains the megasporangium which, via meiosis,

• produces 1 surviving megapore that undergoes mitosis to become 7 cells with 8 nuclei.

• produces 1 surviving megapore that undergoes mitosis to become sperm.

• produces 4 surviving megapores that undergo mitosis become the sporopollenin.

• produces 4 surviving megapores that undergo mitosis to become the 64 eggs in an ovule.

produces 1 surviving megaspore that undergoes mitosis to become 7 cells with 8 nuclei.

A form of nitrogen that can be used by plants is _____ and plants can obtain it through _______.

• N2; air

• nitrogenase; rocks

• nitrogen gas; gas pockets in the soil

• nitrate; bacteria on their roots

nitrate; bacteria on their roots

A plant that lives on a different host plant, is unable to produce sugars through photosynthesis, and receives all of its nutrients from the host plant is known as a(n)

• seedless vascular plant

• parasitic plant

• rhizobious plant

• carnivorous plant

parasitic plant

Which factors) affect soil quality?

• all of these responses affect soil quality

• presence of living organisms (microorganisms)

• number of air pockets or holes

• amount of sand versus clay present

all of these responses affect soil quality

As an acorn grows into a large oak tree, from which of the following does it obtain the majority of its biomass (biomass=the non-water parts of the plant):

• water

• soil

• air

• light

air

Look at the following picture. The block placed on top of each seedling is an agar block containing the plant hormone auxin. Over time, what is the seedling pictured above letter "C" most likely to do?

• Grow towards the right side of the picture due to auxin causing cell elongation on the right side of that plant.

• Grow towards the left side of the picture due to auxin causing cell elongation on the left side of

• Grow towards the right side of the picture due to auxin causing cell elongation on the left side of that plant.

• Grow towards the left side of the picture due to auxin causing cell elongation on the right side of that plant.

Grow towards the right side of the picture due to auxin causing cell elongation on the left side of that plant.

The plant hormone that is associated with fruit ripening and flower wilting is called

• abscisic acid

• gibberellin

• auxin

• ethylene

ethylene

A plant is knocked over on the ground so that its root and shoot are now parallel with the floor. After a few weeks, you notice that the shoot of the plant has started to turn upwards, away from the floor.

This change in growth is due to ___and is known as ___.

• auxin; positive gravitropism

• ethylene; negative gravitropism

• auxin; negative gravitropism

• ethylene; positive gravitropism

auxin; negative gravitropism

When light shines on a plant from a specific direction, the plant hormone auxin moves toward the

______side of the stem, causing the cells on that side to ______.

• shady; elongate

• sunny; elongate

• shady; shorten

• sunny; shorten

shady; elongate

A researcher is studying how different levels of total annual precipitation influence decomposition rates and biomass accumulation within plant communities. This is an example of which level of ecological study?

• ecosystem

• community

• population

• organismal

ecosystem

Which of the following is an abiotic factor that impacts the distribution and abundance of organisms?

• wind speed

• temperature

• total annual precipitation

• ocean currents

• tree canopy cover

wind speed

temperature

total annual precipitation

ocean currents

A group of ecologists is using camera trapping techniques to understand what factors have contributed to changes in the abundance of hoary marmots in the Rocky Mountains over the last three decades. This is an example of which level of ecological study?

• community ecology

• population ecology

• organismal ecology

• ecosystem ecology

population ecology

The solar equator is located 23.5° (degrees) North or South of the geographic equator (at 0°) because:

• atmospheric subsidence zones create high precipitation, increasing plant diversity at the solar equators.

• the sun's rays have a longer distance to travel at the poles than at the equator.

• the earth is tilted on its axis.

• all of the other answers contribute to the location of the solar equator.

the earth is tilted on its axis

Which of the following statements describes aspects of Earth's climate? Check all that apply.

• It was sort of windy and cold out last week. I was shivering when I was walking my dogs because I forgot to wear a sweatshirt.

• I can't wait for summer to return - it's usually so hot in the Central Valley that you don't need to wear a sweatshirt for months!

• I'm headed back home to Northern California for winter break. I'll need to pack my rain jacket since it typically rains a lot in my hometown in winter.

• We went from a high of 59°F to a high of 85°F over the last week. It was quite a change.

• I can't wait for summer to return - it's usually so hot in the Central Valley that you don't need to wear a sweatshirt for months!

• I'm headed back home to northern California for winter break. I'll need to pack my rain jacket since it typically rains a lot in my hometown in winter.

Which of the statements describes weather? Check all that apply.

• It's been super nice outside recently - I can break out my flip flops again!

• We got an unusual amount of rain over the last week

• It was pretty cold this morning when I biked to campus

• Typically, Merced has average highs of 75 degrees and lows of 45 degrees in April

• It's been super nice outside recently - I can break out my flip flops again!

• We got an unusual amount of rain over the last week

• It was pretty cold this morning when I biked to campus

Using the figure above, what abiotic factors) is/are the most important for separating temperate deciduous forest from tundra?

• temperature and vegetation are equally important

• temperature

• precipitation

• temperature and precipitation are equally important

temperature

Fill in the blanks. Cold desert is characterized by whereas tropical deciduous forests are characterized by

temperature and__precipitation,temperature and precipitation.

• low, low, high, moderate

• low, moderate, moderate, high

• high, high, low, low

• moderate, low, high, moderate

Moderate, low, high, moderate

Fill in the blank. ______is the most important abiotic factor differentiating lentic vs lotic freshwater aquatic biomes.

• light

• standing vs. running water

• salinity

• depth

• temperature

standing vs. running water

Fill in the blanks. _____and____are the most important abiotic factors impacting marine aquatic biomes.

• light availability, ocean currents

• ocean currents, density

• freeze/thaw cycles, density

• temperature, pH

light availability, ocean currents

The survivorship curve to the right is associated with the life table data on the left. What type of survivorship curve does this species have?

• Type II

• Type III

• Type IV

• Type I

Type I

Which of the following factors is NOT an element used in demography? Check all that apply.

• population area (e.g., m^2, km^2)

• number of individuals

• mortality/death rate

• abiotic variables associated with a population

• survivorship rate

• population area (e.g., m^2, km^2)

• abiotic variables associated with a population

Using the life table above, how many individuals in this population die between their seventh and eighth birthday?

• 21

• 9

• 31

• 11

• 10

11

NOAA biologists are interested in knowing the approximate population density of harbor seals in the Farallon Marine Sanctuary off the coast of San Francisco. You figure out how to live trap the harbor seals and in your first catch you find and mark 5 seals. You wait a month and then sample the population again. This time you catch 10 seals, 2 of which are marked. What is the Farallon harbor seal population?

No calculator needed to answer this question.

• 25 seals in the sanctuary

• 15 seals in the sanctuary

• 17 seals in the sanctuary

• 5 seals in the sanctuary

25 seals in the sanctuary

Which of the following constitute density-dependent factors that may alter population growth? Check all that apply.

• competition between individuals

• disease, like the viral pandemic COVID-19

• weather events like a freeze or heat wave

• natural disasters like wildfires or hurricanes

• competition between individuals

• disease, like the viral pandemic COVID-19

Which of the following are examples of a density-independent factor influencing population growth?

Check all that apply.

• A viral pandemic

• A flood

• A meteor impact

• A volcanic eruption

• A flood

• A meteor impact

• A volcanic eruption

Populations exhibit logistic growth when ____

• resources do not matter for population growth

• resources are unlimited

• resources are limited

resources are limited

Many nest cams monitor bald eagles. Bald eagles tend to mate for life, build very large nests in which they lay 1-3 eggs, and provide a lot of parental care until the babies are capable of flying and dispering away from their natal site. Given all these traits, bald eagles likely have a(n) _ _ life history strategy.

• semelparous

• K-selected

• r-selected

• exponential

K-selected

Which of the following are examples of species interactions where one species benefits from the interaction and the other species is harmed? Check all that apply.

• Herbivory

• Competition

• Mutualism

• Predation

• Mimicry

• Parasitism

• Herbivory

• Predation

• Parasitism