functional groups

alkene example

alkene

C double bond C

alkene ex

H2C=CH2; ethene

alkyne examples

alkyne

C triple bond C

alkyne ex

HC=CH; ethyne

arene example

arene

aromatic carbon ring

arene ex

benzene; no ending

halide example

halide

C to halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)

halide ex

CH3Cl, chloromethane; no ending

alcohol example

alcohol

C bonded to OH

alcohol ex

CH3OH, methanol

ether example

ether

O bonded to two Cs on either side

ether ex

CH3OCH3, dimethyl ether

amine example

amine

N containing compound

amine ex

CH3NH2, methylamine

imine example

imine

N double bond C

imine ex

CH3C=NHCH3, acetone imine

nitrile example

nitrile

N triple bond C

nitrile ex

CH3C=N, ethanenitrile

thiol example

thiol

C bonded to SH

thiol ex

CH3SH, methanethiol

ester example

ester

C=O w same C bonded to O

ester ex

CH3C=OOCH3, methyl ethanoate

amide example

amide

C=O w same C bonded to N

amide ex

CH3C=O NH2, ethanamide

aldehyde example

aldehyde

C=O w same C bonded to H

aldehyde ex

CH3C=O H, ethanal

ketone example

ketone

C=O w same C bonded to two C on either side

ketone ex

CH3C=O CH3, propanone

carboxylic acid example

carboxylic acid

C=O w same C bonded to OH

carboxylic acid ex

CH3C=O OH, ethanoic acid