Socio 3e

who reintroduced the term sociology in 1838?

Auguste Comte

what did C Wright Mills say that sociologist should use to study culture?

sociological imagination- awareness of the relationship between behavior and peoples choices

what is it called when old behaviors get removed and new behaviors have to get learned?

resocialization

what is it called when people who live in a certain area interact with one another and share a common culture?

society

what is the theory where sociologist look into society and its competition for limited resources?

conflict theory

what is a groups shared practice beliefs or values called?

culture

what is the theoretical approach in which sociologist look at how people work together to create that society?

functionalism

what is the hidden or unintended consequences of a social activity or institutions called?

latent fuctions

large scale analysis big groups

Macro level analysis

smaller scale analysis more intimate groups

micro level analysis

what are purposeful consequences of social process called?

manifest functions

who are specific individuals that can impact a persons life?

Significant other

what are the patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs called?

Social Institution

what is the theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication called?

Symbolic Interactionism  

what is it called when a sociologist proposes an explanation about society?

a theory

what are the core qualitative methods that are used to understand human behavior?

Interviews and focus groups 

what is one way that sociologist use to collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions in the form of a questionnaire?

Surveys  

what is the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study called?

Validity

what do you call a group that rejects society’s widely accepted cultural patterns?

Countercultures

what are the patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies called?

Cultural universal

what is it called when someone judges another culture through their own cultural norms?

Ethnocentrism

what are the standards of an elite, upper, or highly educated society called?

High culture 

what is mainstream widespread patterns in a society’s population called?

Pop culture

what is the hypothesis that states that people understand the world based on their form of language?

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis  

what it is called when a person is encouraged to conform to cultural norms?

Social control

what do you call a group that shares a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society?

Subculture  

what are gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture?

Symbols

what are the statuses that are earn as a person goes through life

Achieved status

what are the statuses that a person is born with like daughter or son

Ascribed status

what did Karl Marx come up with in terms of who the owner of the means of production is in a society?

Bourgeoisie

what era was it when people began to use machines for labor instead of doing it themselves?

The Industrial Revolution  

what is it called when our reflection is how we think we appear to others?

Looking-glass self

what are societies based on domesticated animals called?

Pastoral societies

what is the term created by karl marx to describe the working class who do not own the means of production?

Proletariat 

what is the actual behavior or action of an individual as they carry out their expectations of a social role called?

Role performance

what do you call it when one role a person has clashes with another?

Role conflict

what is it called when there is to much stress put on a person to fulfill their role in society?

Role strain

what do you call it when an idea becomes true because of ones actions?

Self-fulfilling prophecy

what do you call it when someone loses aspects of their old identities and is given new ones?

Degradation ceremony 

what do you call informal teachings done in school that socialize children to societal norms?

The hidden curriculum

what is the difference between the influences of ones genes vs ones social environment play a role in a person self development called?

Nature vs. Nurture

what do you call a group of people who are similar in age and social status that share interests?

Peer group

what is the process where people come to learn societal norms and expectations called?

Socialization

what do you call a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time but dont interact with each other

Aggregate 

what do you call people who share similar characteristics but are not connected in any way?

Category

what do you call a group of 2 people?

dyad

what do you call a group of 3?

triad

what do you call the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions?

Mcdonaldization of Society

what do you call the small informal groups closest to a person?

Primary group

what do you call the large impersonal groups that are task oriented?

Secondary group

what do you call a group that a person compares themselves to?

Reference group

what is an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs called? like prisons

Total institution

what do you call a behavior that violates official law?

Crime

what are crimes involving force or threat of force called?

Violent crimes

what is an action or behavior that goes against social norms called?

Deviance

what is the theory that is associated with how people learn behaviors from those around them called?

Differential Association Theory

What is the theory that involves giving another person who is a devient a label?

Labeling theory

what do you call the chief characteristic of a person?

Master status

what do you call violating norms that dont have a long lasting effect on someones life?

Primary deviance

what do you call a deviant that begins to change their action after acquiring a label to fit into this label?

Secondary deviance 

what is the theory that addressees the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals?

Strain theory

crimes that are commited based on gender race or religion are called?

Hate crimes

what do you call a society in which formal education and degrees are used as the persons primary measure of their abilities?

Credential society

what do you call cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture?

Cultural capital

what do you call an institution where children are taught basic knowledge?

Education

what program allowed for low income students to get schooling?

Head Start program

what act required students to go through standardized testing to see if they qualify for federal funding?

No Child Left Behind Act

culture that is tangible

Material culture

culture that is not tangible like beleifs or values

Non-material culture 

what is it called when someone experiences a new culture that is different from ones own culture?

Culture shock

what do you call it when someone looks at a culture by its standards and not their own cultures standards?

Cultural relativism 

what is the process in which people learn cultural norms and expectations assigned to their gender called?

Gender Socialization

what is a persons location that is based on their identities called?

Social location 

waht is the way of viewing the world where peoples behavior uncover social culture and shape our lives called?

The Sociological Perspective

what are any communication channels degsigned to reach large group audiences called?

Mass media 

what is the study of how peoples lives unfold over time and how they are shaped by social and cultural contexts called?

Life-course

what are the shared set of beliefs values and unwritten rules in a place of work called?

Company (corporate) Culture

what is the systematic step by step framewrok that is used by sociologist to study peoples behaviors and relationships called?

The Research Model

what do you call it when findings are consistent in an experiment?

Reliability

what do you call the frame work of society?

Social structure

what do you call the grouping of people or families into a social category based on their wealth or education?

Social class

what do you call children who grow up isolated from human contact?

Feral children

what do you call the ranking a person holds in a society?

Social status 

what do you call the networks or relatioships that allow people and communities to work together?

Social capital

what is society that thrives on creating and manipulating information on a daily?

Information societies

what do we call oversimplifications of traits of a specific group of people?

Stereotypes

what is the conscious or subconscious process by which people try to control how people see them?

Impression management

what do you call the idea that everyday life is a theatical performance and was created by Erving goffman?

Dramaturgy

what refers to the places and situations where you perform a specific social role also coined by Erving goffman?

Front stage

what refers to a private space in which people are abel to drop their social roles and relax also created by Erving goffman?

Backstage 

what are the shared symbols used to communicate and maintain culture called?

Language

what are bodily actions like hand movements or facial expressions called?

Gestures

what are the people groups and institutions that teach norms values and beliefs of a culture called?

Agents of socialization

what perspective sees how society works together to flow?

functionalist perspective

what is the micro level perspective where society is shaped through face to face interactions language and shared symbols?

symbolic interactionist perspective

what is the phenomenon where a teachers beliefs and expectations effect a students ability to perform in school?

Teacher expectancy effect

what is the perspective in which sociologist see society as a battleground where people fight for limited resources like power or wealth? Karl Marx

conflict perspective

what do you call the system of behaviors and unwritten rules within a group?

Group dynamics

what do you call the ability to see how larger societal structures influences peoples choices and lives?

general principle

what do you call it when a group of people make irrational decisions because the desire for harmony overrides critical thinking

Groupthink