APHG UNIT 2 KNOW TERMS

Agricultural density

Number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Amnesty

Government pardon allowing undocumented migrants to stay legally.

Anti-Natalist

Policies that discourage population growth.

Arable

Land suitable for farming.

Arithmetic density

Total population divided by total land area.

Asylum seeker

Person seeking protection in another country.

Brain drain

Loss of educated or skilled workers through migration.

Carrying capacity

Maximum population an area can support.

Chain migration

Migration of people following family or community members.

Cohort

Group of people sharing a common characteristic, often age.

Contraception

Methods used to prevent pregnancy.

Counter migration

Movement back to a previous home area.

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Number of births per 1,000 people yearly.

Crude death rate (CDR)

Number of deaths per 1,000 people yearly.

Demographic transition model (DTM)

Model showing population change over time.

Dependency ratio

Ratio of dependents to working-age population.

Distance decay

Interaction decreases as distance increases.

Doubling time

Time needed for a population to double.

Ecumene

Permanently inhabited areas of Earth.

Emigration

Leaving one country to live in another.

Epidemic

Rapid spread of disease within a region.

Epidemiologic transition model (ETM)

Model showing changes in disease patterns over time.

Ethnic enclaves

Neighborhoods with a high concentration of one ethnic group.

Forced migration

Migration where people are compelled to move.

Guest worker

Migrant allowed to work temporarily in another country.

Immigration

Moving into a country to live permanently.

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births.

Internal migration

Movement within the same country.

Internally displaced persons (IDP)

People forced to move within their own country.

Interregional migration

Movement between regions of a country.

Intervening obstacle

Environmental or cultural barrier to migration.

Intraregional migration

Movement within one region.

Life expectancy (LER)

Average number of years a person is expected to live.

Malthusian Theory

Idea that population grows faster than food supply.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 births.

Migration

Permanent movement of people to a new location.

Nativism

Preference for native-born people over immigrants.

Neo-Malthusians

People supporting population control to protect resources.

Net migration

Difference between immigration and emigration.

Overpopulation

Population exceeds available resources.

Pandemic

Disease outbreak spreading across multiple countries or continents.

Physiological density

Population per unit of arable land.

Population density

Number of people living in a given area.

Population distribution

Pattern of where people live.

Population pyramid

Graph showing age and sex structure of a population.

Pro-Natalist

Policies encouraging higher birth rates.

Pull factors

Conditions attracting people to a place.

Push factors

Conditions driving people away from a place.

Quotas

Limits on the number of immigrants allowed.

Rate of Natural Increase (NIR)

Birth rate minus death rate.

Refugee

Person forced to flee their country due to danger.

Remittances

Money migrants send back home.

Step migration

Migration occurring in stages.

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Average number of children per woman.

Transhumance

Seasonal movement of livestock between regions.

Transmigration

Government-sponsored relocation of people.

Transnational migration

Migration involving movement across national borders.

Voluntary migration

Migration by personal choice.

Xenophobia

Fear or dislike of foreigners.

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

Population level remains stable with no growth.