Autism Spectrum Disorder: In-Depth Class Discussion

A series of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to Autism Spectrum Disorder, including definitions, implications, and characteristics.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in communication, social interaction, and by restricted and repetitive behaviors.

Echolalia

The repetition of phrases or sentences by a child with autism, often used as a communication method or in response to questions.

Theory of Mind

The ability to attribute mental states, such as beliefs, intents, and desires, to others; a skill often delayed or impaired in individuals with autism.

Affective Social Competence

The ability to recognize, understand and express emotions, which many individuals with autism struggle with.

Stimming

Repetitive movements or noises made by individuals with autism, often used as a self-soothing technique.

Pruning (synaptic pruning)

The natural process by which excess neurons and synaptic connections are eliminated to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions.

Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis

The relationship between gut health and brain function, suggesting that gut microbiota can influence neurological and psychological health.

Maternal Diet

The nutritional habits of a mother during pregnancy, which can affect the neurodevelopment of the fetus and the risk of autism.

Genetic Predisposition

The inherited genetic factors that increase an individual's susceptibility to developing autism.

Gender Ratio in ASD

The consistent statistic showing a ratio of approximately 4:1 male to female diagnoses of autism, indicating differences in expression and recognition of ASD between genders.

Stereotypies

Repetitive and non-functional behaviors commonly seen in individuals with autism, such as hand-flapping or rocking.

Literal Language Understanding

A characteristic of many individuals with autism where they interpret language in a very literal manner, often struggling with metaphors and idioms.

Prenatal Testosterone

Hormonal influences during pregnancy that may affect brain development and are thought to relate to the characteristics of autism.

Overconnectivity & Underconnectivity

Patterns observed in the brain of individuals with autism where there may be increased local connections but decreased global connectivity in neural networks.

Social Cognition

The processes by which individuals understand and interpret social information, critical for social interaction and communication.

Gut Dysbiosis

An imbalance in the gut microbiota that may negatively affect gastrointestinal health and is common among individuals with autism.