Quiz Summary Review for Final - CSCI3030E

According to Aristotle, deriving pleasure from a virtuous act is a sign that you

have developed the virtue

According to Aristotle, moral virtue results from

repetition of the appropriate acts

A character trait that prevents a human being from flourishing or become truly happy is called a

vice

Modern writers often refer to moral virtues as

virtues of character

The idea that social and economic inequalities must be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society is called

The Difference Principle

A right that is guaranteed without exception is called

an absolute right

A right that another can guarantee by leaving you alone to exercise the right is called

a negative right

An early proponent of the social contract was

Jean-Jacque Rousseau.

Thomas Hobbes called life without rules and a means of enforcing them

the state of nature

Utilitarianism does not mean the greatest good of the greatest number because

it focuses solely on the greatest good and pays no attention to how the good is distributed.

The problem of moral luck is raised as a criticism of

act utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is an example of

a consequentialist theory

Two philosophers closely associated with utilitarianism are

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

The Principle of Utility is also called

the Greatest Happiness Principle

According to the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative,

it is wrong for one person to use another.

According to Kant, the moral value of an action depends upon

the underlying moral rule

According to Kant, our sense of ought to is called

dutifulness

Which of the following is an argument in favor of ethical egoism?

The community can benefit when individuals put their well-being first.

Ethical egoism is

based on determining the long-term beneficial consequences

Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory?

God is all-knowing

The divine command theory is an example of

ethical objectivism

Ethical objectivism is based on the idea that

morality has an existence outside the human mind.

An ethical relativist claims that

there are no universal moral principles

A rationalization is

a justification for an immoral action

Ethics is

A.	a branch of philosophy.
B.	a field of study more than 2,000 years old.
C.	a rational examination of people's moral beliefs.
D.	one way to determine which actions are good and which are bad.
E.	All of the above

All of the above

Rules of conduct describing what people ought and ought not to do in various situations are called

morality

An association of people organized under a system of rules designed to advance the good of its members over time is called a

society

Taking the ethical point of view means

deciding that other people and their core values are worthy of your respect.

Some businesses have resorted to spam because

they have found it to be effective.

it is 30,000 times less expensive than a traditional flyer sent via the U.S. mail.

some people respond to spam advertisements.

All of the above

All of the above

Networks of compromised computers are called

botnets

Every object on the Web has a unique address called its

uniform resource locator (URL)

Resource limitations of smartphones, including limited screen size, help explain the popularity of

mobile apps

A Korean cybercafé where people play on-line, persistent games is called a

PC bang

A wiki is

A Web site that allows multiple people to contribute and edit its content.

A blog is

a personal journal kept on the Web.

Many people are now using the Web not simply to download content, but to build communities and upload and share content they have created. This trend has been given the name

Web 2.0

What do you call an online method of getting goods or services from a large group of people?

crowdsourcing

Which of the following statements is not true about cryptocurrencies?

They are virtual currencies.

They are independent of any bank or government.

They cannot be regulated by any government.

They allow people to make anonymous purchases.

Bitcoin is by far the most popular cryptocurrency in terms of market capitalization.

They cannot be regulated by any government.

What do you call an encrypted, distributed ledger of cryptocurrency transactions?

blockchain

The largest protests in US history were catalyzed by a Facebook post related to the

murder of George Floyd in May 2020

After Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump in the US presidential election of 2020,

President Trump used social media to claim Democrats were trying to steal the election.

Facebook shut down hundreds of Stop the Steal groups.

right-wing groups used social media to organize a protest on January 6, 2021.

a and c

a, b, and c

a, b, and c

Which two companies get the lion's share of online advertising revenue?

Meta and Google

Agents of which country were indicted for interfering in the US presidential election of 2016?

Russia

Which of these is not an example of direct censorship?

self-censorship

According to John Stuart Mill's Principle of Harm, the only ground on which the government should intervene in the conduct of an individual is when

it would prevent harm to others

In the United States, freedom of expression

is not an absolute right

A Web filter is a piece of software that

prevents certain Web pages from being displayed by your browser.

Which of the following laws was upheld as constitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court?

Child Internet Protections Act

Sexting refers to

sending text messages with nude or nearly nude photographs.

sending emails with nude or nearly nude photographs.

posting nude or nearly nude photographs to a Web site.

a and b.

a, b, and c.

a and b.

Sexting is causing a legal crisis because

police and prosecutors are treating it as a felony offense

What percentage of American adults are victims of identity theft each year?

about 7%

What is the principal reason why point-of-sale credit card fraud has declined rapidly?

credit cards now have embedded chips in them

What is one reason why college students are five times more likely than other adults to be victims of identity theft?

Many students live in close proximity with others and do not do a good job securing checkbooks and financial documents.

How many people trust a business more after reading positive online reviews?

about ¾ of consumers

Cyberbullying is defined as inflicting psychological harm on another person using

the phone system.

the Internet.

broadcast media such as radio or television.

a and b.

a, b, and c.

a and b

Revenge porn is a special case of

cyberbullying - rp

Which of the following is not a variant of Internet addiction, according to psychiatrist Jerald Block?

cyberbullying - ia

The Enlightenment view of addiction is that

people are responsible for the choices they make

Which philosopher argued in The Second Treatise of Government that people have a natural right to property?

John Locke

Intellectual property is a unique product of the human intellect that

has commercial value

The value of intellectual property is recognized

in the Constitution of the United States.

in the free market.

in legislation passed by the U.S. Congress.

through court decisions.

All of the above

all of the above

The proper noun Kleenex is protected

with a trademark

The Bell Telephone Company was able to establish a monopoly on telephone services in the United States because

Alexander Graham Bell held a patent on the telephone.

What was the outcome of the US Department of Justice's 1974 lawsuit against AT&T for antitrust violations?

Seven regional telephone companies took over AT&T's local phone services.

Which of the following rights is not a right of a copyright holder?

The right to prevent others from producing competitive works.

Since the first Copyright Act was passed in 1790

Congress has repeatedly increased the number of years of copyright protection.

Congress has made more kinds of intellectual property protected under copyright.

Congress has attempted to reconcile US copyright law with European copyright law.

All of the above

None of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is true about a non-fungible token?

It can be sold, but not traded.

Its software is designed so that its price can only increase.

It is interchangeable with identical non-fungible tokens.

The owner of a non-fungible token holds the copyright to the underlying asset.

None of the above is true.

none of the above is true

Sometimes it is legal to reproduce a copyrighted work without the permission of the copyright holder. These circumstances are called

fair use

The Audio Home Recording Act of 1992

protects the right of consumers to make backup copies of CDs.

requires manufacturers of digital audio records to incorporate the Serial Copyright Management System.

requires manufacturers of digital audio recording devices and blank digital media to pay a royalty to songwriters and music publishers.

All of the above

None of the above

all of the above

The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Sony v. Universal City Studios established the concept of

time shifting

The decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit in RIAA v. Diamond Multimedia Systems Inc. established the concept of

space shifting

The decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit in Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation established that the display of thumbnail images by a search engine

is fair use of those images

Google Books is

an effort to scan millions of books and make all their words searchable.

In Authors Guild v. Google, a US District Court judge ruled that Google's project to scan millions of copyrighted books was a fair use of copyrighted books because

highly transformative

In 2005 Sony BMG Music Entertainment made headlines by

shipping CDs that secretly installed a rootkit on Windows computers

After the RIAA sued Napster,

went off-line

Suppose you buy a Microsoft game at the bookstore. Under current U.S. law, which of the following actions is illegal?

Copying it onto a CD to give or sell to someone else.

Preloading it onto the hard disk of a computer being sold.

Distributing it over the Internet.

All the above are illegal.

None of the above is illegal.

all are illegal

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is controversial, in part, because

it makes it illegal for consumers to circumvent encryption placed on digital media

Apple's digital rights management system called FairPlay prevented

songs from being played on more than five computers.

songs from being copied onto CDs more than seven times.

music purchased from the iTunes Store from playing on non-Apple MP3 players.

All of the above

None of the above

all of the above - Apple FP

Compared with other peer-to-peer networks, BitTorrent takes advantage of the fact that broadband Internet connections

provide higher speeds for downloading than for uploading.

Two-thirds of the global revenue of the recorded music industry now comes from

streaming

The court's ruling in Apple Computer v. Franklin Computer Corp. established that

object programs can be copyrighted

Patent-holding companies that file lawsuits to enforce their intellectual property rights are often called

patent trolls

The so-called smartphone patent wars ended when

cross-licensing

The US Supreme Court decision in Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank is significant because

district courts and federal courts have cited it to invalidate hundreds of software patents

The Linux operating system is an example of

open-source software