Unit 6: Kidney, Fluids, and Electrolytes

Describe the basic anatomy of the kidney

Describe the basic anatomy of the nephron

Describe filtration, secretion, and reabsorption in the kidney

Describe fluid homeostasis and how fluid and electrolytes are handled by the kidney.

a.     Sodium 

b.     Potassium 

c.     Phosphorous 

d.     Magnesium 

e.     Calcium

f.      Chloride

g.     Glucose

h.     Bicarb

1.     Describe how antidiuretic hormone influences fluid balance in the body. (1a, 1d)

1.     Describe the effects of aldosterone on electrolytes and fluid balance in the kidney. (1a, 1d)

1.     Define extracellular, intracellular, intravascular, and interstitial fluid compartments. (1a) 

1.     Describe fluid movement between the compartments. (1a) 

1.     Describe the etiology of fluid loss/balance. (1a) 

1.     Describe insensible fluid losses. (1c)    

Define, describe, and differentiate between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic volume status

1.     List which electrolytes primarily occur intracellularly versus extracellularly. (1a) 

1.     Identify the primary role of electrolytes within the human body.  (1a) 

1.     Identify normal ranges for common electrolytes within the human body. (1c) 

1.     Identify risk factors and comorbid disease states associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances. (1b) 

1.     Describe how fluid and electrolyte imbalances are detected and evaluated. (1c)  

1.     Describe common patient presentations for fluid and electrolyte imbalances. (1c)

1.     Describe common complications of fluid and electrolyte imbalances. (1f)  

1.     List the types of intravenous fluids and give an example of each. (1d) 

1.     Estimate kidney function using Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) utilizing the Cockcroft Gault equation for an adult male and an adult female. (66) 

1.     List the limitations of CrCl and the Cockcroft-Gault equation for estimating kidney function (66)

1.     Demonstrate understanding of clinical documentation of laboratory values on the skeleton diagram. (1p)

1.     Calculate the daily and hourly fluid requirements when given the replacement rate. (66) 

1.     Assess electrolyte levels and fluid status in a patient upon initial presentation  (38)