The Nervous System - Neural Tissue

Anatomy 2

Describe the functions of the Nervous System

1. Sensory input (provides information about the internal and external environment)

2. Integration

3. Control of muscles and glands

4. Homeostasis

5. Mental Activity

Identify the components of the central and peripheral nervous systems

Central: Brain and Spinal Cord

Peripheral: All neural tissue outside the CNS including 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Describe the Function of the central and peripheral nervous systems

CNS: Integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory data and motor commands. Higher Function (Intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion)

PNS: Provides sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems

Identify the divisions of the peripheral nervous system

The Peripheral Nervous System (Nerves) is split into the Afferent (Sensory) and Efferent (Motor) divisions.

The Efferent Division is split into the Somatic Nervous System (voluntary) and the Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

The Autonomic nervous system is split into the Sympathetic nervous system (Fight or Flight) the Parasympathetic nervous system (Rest and repose) and the Enteric nervous system (Digestive tract)

Distinguish between the afferent and efferent divisions of the nervous system

The Afferent Division brings sensory information to the CNS

The Efferent Division carries motor commands to muscles and Glands

Identify the components of a typical neuron

Dendrites, cell body, and axon

Identify the types and functions of the neuroglial cells of the central nervous system

Oligodendrocytes: Produce myelin sheath around neurons

Astrocytes: Form the blood-brain barrier by restricting the movement of substances into the brain. And form structural support of neurons

Microglial Cells: Use Phagocytosis to remove debris and microbes from nervous tissue. And protection

Ependymal Cells: Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Identify the types and functions of the neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system

Schwann Cells: Produce myelin sheath around neurons. And bundle unmyelinated axons together

Satellite Cells: support the ganglion

Differentiate the structural characteristics of the following neurons: anaxonic, bipolar, multipolar, and unipolar

Differentiate between locations and function, the following types of neurons: interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons

Contrast inhibitory effects and excitatory effects on a postsynaptic membrane

Identify the two main factors that impulse conduction depends upon

Differentiate chemical synapses with electrical synapses

Review the neuromuscular junction (structure and function)

Identify the changes that occur in a cell which results in depolarization and repolarization

Contrast saltatory conduction with continuous conduction

Contrast absolute refractory period with relative refractory period

Contrast threshold stimulus with sub-threshold stimulus

Identify the characteristics of a polarized neuron

Describe the process in which a neuron repairs itself after injury

Identify the interneuronal pool type by structure and function: convergence, divergence, parallel processing, reverberation, serial processing