Arrangement of Electrons in the Atom - Chp 3

Excited state

of an atom, is one in which the electrons occupy higher energy levels than those available in the ground state

Issues with Bohr's theory

• worked for hydrogen but needed to be modified for other elements with more than one electron

• when the emission line spectrum was closely examined, faint lines were discovered beside the main lines, which led to the discovery of energy sublevels

How many electrons do each of the sublevels take?

s- 2
c- 6
d- 10
f- 14

What is spd notation?

used to describe the electron arrangement in atoms, including the sublevels

Sublevel

a subdivision of a main energy level and consists of one or more orbitals of the same energy

Orbital

a region in space within which there is a high probability of finding an electron

What did Erwin Schrodinger do?

devised mathematical equations to predict the shape of an orbital

What are the main 2 shapes of an orbital + how many electrons can an orbital hold?

• s shaped (spherical)
• p shaped (dumbbell)
• can only ever hold 2 electrons

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

states that it is impossible to measure at the same time both the velocity and the position of an electron

SPD notation example

What are the SPD notation exceptions?

• Copper (Cu)
• Chromium (Cr)

Ions + SPD notation

Describe the procedure for carrying out a flame test:

• using a presoaked wooden splint, hold a sample of the salt in the blue flame of the Bunsen burner

Flame Test: Lithium

Crimson

Flame Test: Potassium

Lilac

Flame Test: Barium

Green

Flame Test: Strontium

Red

Flame Test: Copper

Blue-green

Flame Test: Sodium

Yellow