THPT tiếng anh 2026 lần 2

thiết bị phản ứng sinh học dùng để nuôi cấy/tạo sản phẩm sinh học

bioreactor (N)

1. Advances in bioreactor technology could make lab-grown meat considerably more affordable.
2. Large-scale bioreactors are essential for producing biological materials on an industrial scale.
3. The efficiency of a bioreactor can be a major determinant of production costs.

sự đánh đổi; đạt lợi ích này phải chấp nhận bất lợi khác

trade-off →trade off (PV)

→strike a trade-off, a delicate trade-off, cost-benefit trade-off (sự đánh đổi chi phí - lợi ích)

1. There is inevitably a trade-off between economic growth and environmental preservation. 2. Policymakers must strike a delicate trade-off between public safety and individual freedom. 3. The transition to renewable energy involves a short-term financial trade-off for long-term environmental gains.

các lô sản phẩm được sản xuất ở quy mô thương mại

commercial batches

1. The company has begun producing commercial batches of the vaccine.
2. Before commercial batches can be manufactured, the technology must undergo rigorous testing.
3. Producing larger commercial batches could significantly reduce unit costs.

trong tương lai gần

near-term

→near-term consequences, near-term objective, near-term outlook

1. The policy may generate substantial benefits in the near term.
2. Governments should not prioritise near-term economic gains at the expense of long-term sustainability.
3. The near-term outlook for the industry remains uncertain.

việc cắt tỉa; nghĩa bóng: loại bỏ phần không cần thiết

prune (V)

She spent the afternoon pruning roses.

Arco has reacted to the loss in revenue by pruning (back) its expansion plans.

I felt his essay needed a little pruning.

very old

age-old(literacy)

an age-old story of love and betrayal

khoản thù lao danh dự cho diễn giả/chuyên gia

honorarium (N) (formal)

pay an honorarium, modest honorarium, speaker's honorarium

1. The keynote speaker was offered a modest honorarium for her contribution.
2. Rather than receiving a salary, guest lecturers are often paid an honorarium.
3. The university provides an honorarium to distinguished scholars who deliver public lectures.

the most important or most emphasized part of something

keynote (A)

This issue has become the keynote of the election campaign.

a keynote address/speech/speaker (= an important talk/speaker at a formal meeting)

gửi/mời ai một cách trang trọng

extend an invitation to sb

1. The university decided to extend an invitation to several internationally renowned researchers.
2. We are pleased to extend an invitation to all students interested in environmental science.
3. The government extended an invitation to neighbouring countries to participate in the negotiations.

lệnh cấm hoàn toàn

outright prohibition

→impose an outright prohibition, call for an outright prohibition

1. An outright prohibition on private vehicles may be politically difficult to implement.
2. Rather than imposing an outright prohibition, authorities could introduce stricter safety standards.
3. There is growing debate over whether social media requires regulation or outright prohibition.

bắt đầu có hiệu lực

come into force

1. The new regulations will come into force next January. 2. Once the legislation comes into force, companies will face stricter environmental requirements. 3. The policy cannot be enforced until the relevant provisions formally come into force.

something that prevents a particular event or development from happening (C2) (n)

to prevent something or someone from doing something or going somewhere, or to not allow something (V)

bar to A lack of formal education is no bar to becoming rich.

The rule bars the use of evidence secured through an illegal search.

be barred from The incident led to him being barred from the country.

be barred to Most of the trails are barred to private vehicles.

bar someone's way I tried to push past her, but she barred my way

lách/tránh một quy định, trở ngại

circumvent (v) (formal)

→circumvent regulations, circumvent restrictions

1. Some companies attempt to circumvent environmental regulations by relocating production overseas. 2. Strict enforcement is necessary to prevent wealthy individuals from circumventing the tax system. 3. Technological safeguards can be bypassed if users deliberately seek to circumvent them.

chớp lấy, tận dụng một cơ hội/điểm yếu

seize on/upon

→seize on an opportunity, seize on a loophole-kẽ hở, lỗ hổng

1. Politicians may seize on public dissatisfaction to gain electoral support.
2. Businesses should seize on emerging technologies rather than resist inevitable change.
3. Critics seized on the report's methodological weaknesses to challenge its conclusions.

giải pháp tạm thời, chỉ che đậy vấn đề

band-aid solution

→apply a band-aid solution, short-term band-aid solution

1. Increasing police numbers may be little more than a band-aid solution to underlying social problems.
2. Building more roads is a band-aid solution if congestion is caused by poor urban planning.
3. Governments should address the root causes of poverty rather than rely on band-aid solutions.

vượt quá quyền hạn/phạm vi hợp lý

overreach (V)

1. Excessive government overreach can undermine individual autonomy. 2. Critics argue that the new legislation constitutes regulatory overreach. 3. There must be safeguards to prevent corporate or governmental overreach.

gộp những thứ khác nhau thành một nhóm

lump (v)

→lump A and B together, lump people into categories

1. It is misleading to lump all social-media users into a single category.
2. Researchers should avoid lumping fundamentally different forms of pollution together.
3. Young people are often unfairly lumped together despite having very different circumstances.

những nỗ lực tương ứng của từng bên

respective efforts

→make respective efforts, acknowledge respective efforts

1. The project's success depends on the respective efforts of governments, businesses and individuals.
2. The two countries should recognise each other's respective efforts to address climate change.
3. Their respective efforts have contributed significantly to the project's success.

vấn đề chưa được giải quyết/chưa có câu trả lời cuối cùng

open issue

→remain an open issue, unresolved/open issue

1. Whether artificial intelligence will create more jobs than it eliminates remains an open issue. 2. The long-term consequences of the policy are still an open issue. 3. How best to regulate social media remains an open issue among policymakers.

chăm chú, tập trung cao độ

intently (ADV)

→listen intently, stare intently, watch intently

1. The students listened intently as the scientist explained the experiment.
2. Consumers are watching the government's response intently.
3. She stared intently at the data before drawing any conclusions.

hư cấu, không có thật

fictitious (A)

→fictitious character, fictitious name, fictitious account

1. The study was based on a fictitious scenario rather than real-world data.
2. The company was accused of creating fictitious accounts to inflate its user numbers.
3. Fictitious characters can nevertheless reflect genuine social concerns.

sai, không chính xác

erroneous (A)

→erroneous assumption, erroneous conclusion, erroneous information

1. The policy was based on the erroneous assumption that economic growth automatically improves well-being.
2. An erroneous interpretation of the data could lead to ineffective policies.
3. The report contained several erroneous conclusions that were later corrected.

có thể truy cập miễn phí, đặc biệt tài liệu nghiên cứu

open-access (A)

1. Open-access journals have made academic research considerably more accessible to students.
2. Governments should encourage researchers to publish their findings in open-access databases.
3. Open-access research can help narrow the gap between wealthy and developing countries.

biến chứng; vấn đề phức tạp phát sinh

complication (n)

→unforeseen complication, serious complication, potential complication

1. One major complication is the enormous cost of implementing the proposal.
2. Unexpected complications can arise when new technologies are introduced too rapidly.
3. The situation is further complicated by political and economic considerations.

bò rừng Bắc Mỹ

bison (N)

1. The restoration of bison populations has become an important conservation success story.
2. Bison once roamed across vast areas of North America.
3. Protecting bison can help preserve the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.

an imaginary line that separates two ideas, qualities, states, etc., or the point at which one idea, quality, etc. becomes another

frontier (N)

frontier between The frontier between real life and virtual reality seems about to disappear.

He was close to the frontier between life and death.

The frontiers between the social classes were constantly shifting.

frontier of She seems to be at the frontier of a new stage in her life.

the limits of what is known or what has been done before in an area of knowledge or an activity

the frontiers of something (c2)

the frontiers of science and technology

1. Artificial intelligence is pushing the frontier of medical research.
2. Space exploration represents one of the final frontiers of scientific discovery.
3. Researchers are working at the frontier of renewable-energy technology.

tính không độc quyền

non-exclusivity

1. The principle of non-exclusivity allows multiple companies to access the same technology. 2. Non-exclusivity can encourage competition and prevent monopolistic practices. 3. The agreement was based on non-exclusivity, allowing both parties to collaborate with other organisations.

yếu tố quyết định

determinant

→key determinant, major determinant, important determinant

1. Income is a major determinant of access to quality education.
2. Social background remains an important determinant of academic achievement.
3. Cost is likely to be the key determinant of whether consumers adopt the technology.

tan biến, phân tán, tiêu tan

dissipate (V)

→dissipate energy, dissipate heat

1. Public concern may gradually dissipate once the government provides reliable information. 2. The heat generated by the machinery must be dissipated efficiently. 3. Their initial enthusiasm quickly dissipated when the project encountered financial difficulties.

tương xứng, tỷ lệ thuận

proportional(A)

1. Punishment should be proportional to the severity of the offence.
2. The economic benefits should be proportional to the environmental risks involved.
3. The amount of funding allocated to each region should be proportional to its population.

siết chặt; kiểm soát mạnh

clamp (v)

→clamp down on crime, clamp down on corruption

1. Governments need to clamp down on companies that deliberately evade environmental regulations.
2. Authorities have begun to clamp down on illegal dumping.
3. Stricter measures may be necessary to clamp down on online fraud.

trên toàn quốc

nationwide (A) (ADV)

1. The government launched a nationwide campaign to promote public health.
2. A nationwide survey revealed significant differences in attitudes towards remote work.
3. The policy could have nationwide implications for the education system.

có mặt tại hiện trường; xuất hiện trong một lĩnh vực

on the scene

1. Emergency services arrived on the scene within minutes.
2. Several innovative companies have recently emerged on the scene.
3. The arrival of new competitors on the scene has transformed the industry.

cổ tức; lợi ích/kết quả thu được từ một khoản đầu tư

dividend (N)

→pay dividends, financial dividend, reap the dividends

1. Investment in education can pay substantial dividends in the form of higher productivity.
2. The government's investment in public transport is already paying dividends through reduced congestion.
3. Technological innovation can yield significant economic dividends over the long term.

được nuôi/tạo trong phòng thí nghiệm

lab-grown

→lab-grown meat, lab-grown tissue, lab-grown organs

1. Lab-grown meat could substantially reduce the environmental footprint of livestock farming.
2. Some consumers remain sceptical about the safety of lab-grown food.
3. The commercial viability of lab-grown organs remains uncertain.

to start doing something before other people start, or before something happens, in order to win an advantage for yourself

get a jump on someone/something (US informal)

I like to leave work early on Fridays so I can get a jump on the traffic.

all the music or plays, etc. that you can do or perform or that you know

all the things that someone can do, all the methods that someone can use, etc.

repertoire (n)

in someone’s repertoire The Royal Shakespeare Company also have many modern plays in their repertoire.

There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.

I'm not a great cook - pasta and pesto is the extent of my repertoire.

As young people move from childhood into adolescence, their coping repertoires increase.

a person who thinks that a particular type of behaviour is very important, and always follows it or tries to make other people follow it

stickler (n) (informal)

He's a stickler for detail/accuracy/efficiency.

to be very difficult or impossible to change

set in stone

The schedule isn’t set in stone, but we’d like to stick to it pretty closely.

extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement

rapture (v)

He listened to the music with an expression of pure rapture on his face.

The prime minister's supporters greeted her speech with rapture.

→in raptures

exactly right

spot on (A)

"How old do I reckon she is? I'd say 38." "Spot on."

to be connected with a particular subject, event, or situation

pertain to something (formal)

We are only interested in the parts of the proposals that pertain to local issues.

certainly not something

far from something (c1)

The situation is far from clear.

The novel is far from perfect.

Several of the victims are far from satisfied with the settlement.

The construction was several years behind schedule and far from finished.

impossible to see through or go through=impermeable

impossible to understand

impenetrable (A)

Outside, the fog was thick and impenetrable.

an impenetrable barrier

Some of the lyrics on their latest album are completely impenetrable.

having a lot of trouble with something, or having to deal with a lot of something that causes problems

beset (A)

beset by With the amount of traffic nowadays, even a trip across town is beset by dangers.

beset with The journey by boat was beset with difficulties.

Currently, small business owners have many reasons to feel beset.

to cause someone or something to have a lot of problems or trouble

beset (v)

The problems that beset him are growing worse.

Experts say that corruption contributed to the brutal economic crisis now besetting the country.

more important than anything else

overriding (A)

overriding concern The government's overriding concern is to reduce inflation.

In the local elections, the overriding issue is transportation.

to make sure you know all the most recent facts about a subject or situation

keep/stay/remain abreast of something

I try to keep abreast of any developments.

to stop or reduce carbon gases, especially carbon dioxide, being released into the atmosphere as the result of a process, for example the burning of fossil fuels

decarbonize (V)

He has pledged to decarbonize his company's operations by 2050.

What are the technological obstacles to decarbonising the global economy today?

The biggest polluters are going to have to decarbonise.

a chemical substance that can be used to make or keep things cold

refrigerant (n)

Chlorofluorocarbons have been used widely in the production of refrigerants like Freon.

to eat a lot of good food and enjoy it very much

feast on sth (c2) (literacy)

We feasted on smoked salmon and champagne.

valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money, that they agree will become the property of the company or person who lends the money if the debt is not paid back

collateral (A) thế chấp

use something as collateral She used her house as collateral for a loan.

put something up as collateral He put his farm up as collateral.

to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to happen, or to make something publicly known, especially by celebrating or praising it

herald (v) (formal)

The president's speech heralds a new era in foreign policy.

be heralded as This drug has been heralded as a major breakthrough in the fight against breast cancer.

to start doing something enthusiastically

get stuck in sth (UK informal)

We showed them where the crates had to be moved to, and they got stuck in straightaway.

You really got stuck into your food (= ate your food quickly) - you must have been hungry.

Mum brought in the sandwiches and told us to get stuck in.

to start to understand, enjoy, and be active in something

get into the swing of it/things

I hadn't worked in an office for several years, so it took me a while to get back into the swing of it.

to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it=belittle

disparage (v)

be disparaged as The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.

to complete all the necessary arrangements for something or someone

square sth away (US informal)

I’ve got my tickets and hotel squared away.

The dishes are done and the kids are all squared away.

of cheap quality or in bad style

tacky (a)

The shop sold tacky souvenirs and ornaments.

having your attention completely held by something, so that you cannot think about anything else

spellbound (A)

The children listened to the story spellbound.

He held his audience spellbound.

to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot of force

propel (v)

a rocket propelled through space

The Kon-Tiki sailed across the Pacific Ocean propelled by wind power.

to cause someone to do an activity or be in a situation

 propel someone into/to/towards something

The film propelled him to international stardom.

That self-belief propelled him from store clerk to founder of a string of restaurants.

His touchdown propelled the team to a 28-15 victory.

courage and determination despite difficulty

grit (n)

true grit It takes true (= real) grit to stand up to a bully.

If something stirs you, it makes you feel a strong emotion

stir (v) (c2)

I was deeply stirred by her performance.

[ + obj + to infinitive ] The speech stirred the crowd to take action.

A stirring speech or song is one that produces strong, positive emotions

stirring (A) (approving )

stirring speech

stirring words

stirring song

stirring performance

to share the same feelings as someone else, or to behave in the same way as someone else

reciprocate (v)

Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated.

We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated.

=>reciprocation (n)

Our relationship is based upon reciprocation.

He didn't expect any reciprocation of affection.

to be/become so involved in something difficult or complicated that you cannot do anything else

be/get bogged down

Let's not get bogged down with individual complaints

UK Try not to get too bogged down in the details.

a place where many different people and ideas exist together, often mixing and producing something new

melting pot

a cultural melting pot

New Orleans is one of the great melting pots of America.

someone who does not live in their own country

expatriate (n)

A large community of expatriates has settled there.

a connection with a political party or religion, or with a larger organization

affiliation (n)

Their lack of affiliation to any particular bank allows them to give objective financial advice.

The group has affiliations with several organizations abroad.

political affiliations

too organized and controlled

regimented(a) (disapproving)

a regimented school/society/lifestyle

If a company outsources, it pays to have part of its work done by another company

outsource (v)

Unions are fighting a plan by the university to outsource all non-academic services.

Some companies outsource to cheaper locations to cut costs.

in an important or noticeable way

materially (Adv)

materially affect Even if mistakes were made in the counting of votes, they wouldn't have materially affected the results.

to supply someone or something with all of the things that will be needed

fit sth out

The ship will be in dock for eight months to be fitted out for its new duties.

to happen after something else, especially as a result of it

ensue (v) (formal)

The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued.

at a level that is unfairly low

lowball (a) (US informal)

lowball bid/offer/price The board issued a statement to make it clear that they would not consider any lowball offers.

to think of a detailed plan for achieving success in situations such as war, politics, business, industry, or sport

strategize (v)

People gathered together in his office to strategize.

causing you to have fear or respect for something or someone because that thing or person is large, powerful, or difficult

formidable (c2)

a formidable obstacle/task

a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent

a formidable intellect

disapproving the director and his formidable wife

one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based

tenet (n) (formal)

It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks.

to continue to do or work on something:

keep at something (c2)

I kept at it and finally finished at three this morning.

ever since the beginning of a relationship or process

all along the line

The project's been plagued with financial problems all along the line.

special words or expressions used in relation to a particular subject or activity

terminology

scientific terminology

support, strength, or the basic structure of something

underpinning (N) (specialized or formal)

After a while, we found ourselves questioning the spiritual and philosophical underpinning of the American way of life.

He has the capacity to understand the theoretical underpinnings that affect action.

to give support, strength, or a basic structure to something

underpin (v)

He presented data to underpin his argument.

Gradually the laws that underpinned (= formed part of the basic structure of) apartheid were abolished.

When restoring the building, the first priority was to underpin the exterior walls by adding wooden supports along the foundations.

a person skilled in something who gives advice

guru (n) ( informal)

a management guru

a lifestyle guru

the beginning, when someone starts to do something, or a process starts

get-go (informal)

The latest research shows that babies can be taught the difference between night and day from the get-go.

a person who is famous and important in a particular area of activity

luminary (n) (formal)

luminary of Luminaries of stage and screen (= famous actors) assembled for last night's awards ceremony.

to allow someone to escape from a difficult situation

let someone off the hook

John's agreed to go to the meeting in my place so that lets me off the hook.

He denied leaking the documents to get himself off the hook.

Your bank won't let you off the hook that easily.

to forcefully make known what you think should happen

lay down the law (informal)

She can't just come into this office and start laying down the law.

ready to do a particular thing at any moment

poised (a)

[ + to infinitive ] The company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.

be poised for The military forces are poised for attack.

a group of trees planted close together

grove (n)

olive grove

lemon grove

orange grove

sacred grove

a wrong judgment about a situation

miscalculation (n)

The conspirators' plot failed because they made two fatal miscalculations.

I think they were trying to cover up for their grossly negligent political miscalculation.

to put separate facts, etc. together to form a single piece of work

synthesize (v)

The findings from the five separate studies have been synthesized in the report.

worry

perturbation (formal)

anger, argument, and bad feeling

acrimony (n) (formal)

The acrimony of the dispute has shocked a lot of people.

The decision was reached without acrimony or controversy.

=>acrimonious (a)

a place where a single helicopter can take off and land

helipad (n)

slightly worried or uncomfortable about a particular situation

uneasy (A) (b2)

I feel a little uneasy about asking her to do me such a big favour.

the most important part of a plan, idea, etc. on which everything else depends

keystone (n)

keystone animal

not deserving respect, admiration, or support

unworthy

I put all unworthy thoughts out of my mind.

=>unworthy of consideration, attention, etc.

The theory was unworthy of serious attention.

boring, ordinary, and not original

banal (a)

He just sat there making banal remarks all evening.

banal pop songs