Anatomy 1

Flexion

Movement of a limb forward (except the knee)

Extension

Movement of a joint backwards (except the knee)

Name all 5 types of bones

Long

Short

Irregular

Flat

Sesamoid

What are sesamoid bones and name an example

Bones embedded in tendons, eg patella

All 3 types of joints

Fibrous

Cartiligous

Synovial

All 6 types of synovial joint

Ball and socket

Hinge

Saddle

Pivot

Condyloid

Gliding

Pivot joint example

Neck

Saddle joint example

Thumb

Condyloid joint example

Wrist

Gliding

Metacarpals

Name all 5 features of the muscular system

Stability

Movement

Digestion

Heat production

Blood circulation

What does the fixation do in a joint during a movement

Stabilises the joint

What does the synergistic do in a joint during movement

Muscle the supports the agonists

Name all 3 parts of the deltoid

Anterior

Medial

Posterior

What is horizontal flexion

Movement of arm level at shoulder across the body

What is horizontal Extension

Movement of arm level at shoulder Away from body

Lateral rotation + agonist

Clockwise movement, teres minor agonist at shoulder, gluteas maximus at hip

Medial rotation + agonist

Anticlockwise rotation, teres major agonist at shoulder, gluteas medius at hip

What is a isokinetic contraction.

A spasm of movement

What is the end of a motor neurone called

Motor end plates/ terminals

What does the nucleus form to stimulate the muscle fibres

Action potential (AP)

What is the gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fibre called

Synaptic cleft

What neurotransmitter is secreted to fill the synaptic cleft

Acetylcholine

What is the all or none law

If there is enough AP and acetylcholine the muscle fibres will contract, either all of them will contract or none of them will

Name all 3 types of muscle fibres

SO

FG

FOG

Name some characteristics of FG + an example

Contract rapidly

Fatigue quickly

High intensity activities

Eg. 100m sprint

SO

Contract slowly

Fatigue slowly

Aerobic activities

Rich blood supply

Low intensity

Eg. Marathon

FOG

Fast contracting

Anaerobic

Fast to fatigue

Not as much force as FG

Eg. 800m

How long do SO fibres need to recover

90 seconds

What is the work relief ratio of SO fibres

1:1

How long do FG fibres need to recover?

3 minutes

What is the work relief ratio of FG fibres?

1:3

How long do FG muscle fibres need to recover after maximal weight training?

48 Hours