TEAS 7 SCIENCE PRCATICE TEST

Changes in states of matter

Evaporation: Liquid to gas

Condensation: Gas to liquid

Sublimation: Solid to gas

Deposition: Gas to solid

Physical and chemical changes

Physical changes(AKA phase changes)

• Breaking a pencil

Chemical changes

• Burning a pencil

Characteristics of ACIDS

• Turns limitus paper red

• Donates protons

• Reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas

• Acids produce H+

Salts composition

A cation from a base & an anion from an acid

Spleen facts

• Part of the immune system

• Filters blood

• Fights bacteria

• Largest organ in the lymphatic system

Scientific laws and theories

Scientific LAW: An explanation of results that always happens

• Newtons law of universal gravitation; Gravity

Scientific theory: Generally accepted explanation that has been highly developed & tested

• A hypothesis has been verified & tested

Atom characteristic

• Full complete shell = Stable atoms

• Not complete shell = bonding with other atoms

Bond with other atoms occurs by gaining or losing electrons in ionic compounds

DNA replication process

Tissue types

1. Epithelial Tissue

• Location: Skin surface, organ linings, and digestive tract.

2. Muscle Tissue

• Location: Attached to bones, in the heart, and lining hollow organs (stomach, intestines, blood vessels).

-Skeletal muscle: attached to bones, voluntary movement. Tightly packed & cubodial.

-Cardiac muscle: heart, pumps blood. Cross striated, quadrangular.

-Smooth muscle: walls of hollow organs, involuntary movement. Elongated spindle shape.

3. Nervous Tissue

• Location: Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Supportive Connective Tissue

• Location: Bones, blood, fat (adipose tissue), cartilage, and tendons.

• Fascia, Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage

skin layers

Periodic table groups

• Group 1: Alkali Metals (e.g., Sodium, Potassium)

• Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals (e.g., Magnesium, Calcium)

• Groups 3–12: Transition Metals (e.g., Iron, Copper, Gold)

• Group 13: Boron Family

• Group 14: Carbon Family

• Group 15: Pnictogens (e.g., Nitrogen, Phosphorus)

• Group 16: Chalcogens (e.g., Oxygen, Sulfur)

• Group 17: Halogens (e.g., Fluorine, Chlorine)

• Group 18: Noble Gases (e.g., Helium, Neon)

Genetic rules

Homozygous: inherited the same version (allele) of a gene from both biological parents.

• dominant AA or recessive aa

Heterozygous: inherited two different versions of a gene—one from each parent

• Aa

Determining genetic percentages

EX.

Let's cross a brown-eyed parent who carries a hidden blue gene (\(Bb\)) with another brown-eyed parent who also carries a hidden blue gene (\(Bb\)).

• Box 1: \(BB\) (Brown eyes)

• Box 2: \(Bb\) (Brown eyes)

• Box 3: \(Bb\) (Brown eyes)

• Box 4: \(bb\) (Blue eyes) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Offspring Percentages:

• Genotype: 25% \(BB\), 50% \(Bb\), and 25% \(bb\).

• Phenotype: 75% will have brown eyes (3 out of 4 boxes), and 25% will have blue eyes (1 out of 4 boxes)

Functions of muscular system

• Produce movement through contraction

• Support circulation through the body

• Support & maintain posture

Hypersensitivity of the immune system

Causes allergies

Cardiac conjuction system

The hearts natural pacemaker

• SA node (sinoatrial): Starts the electrical signal, atria contracts » P wave on ECG (60 to 100 BPM)

Bachman bundle:

• signal from SA node to left atrium

Internodal pathways

• Anterior, middle, posterior

• Signal from SA node to AV node

Secondary pacemaker

• AV node (Atrioventricular): Shows signal briefly, delays signal from SA node, contracts atria, gives ventricle time to fill with blood » PR on ECG (40 to 60 BPM)

Bundle of his

• ONLY route between atria & ventricles

• Right bundle branch: Signal to right ventricle

• Left bundle branch: Signal to left ventricle

Purkinje fibers- Last ditch pacemaker if SA & AV node fail

• Connect with myocytes

• Initialize depolarization » contraction (20 to 40 BPM)

Path: Bundle of his » bundle branches » purkinje fibers (carries electrical impulse to ventricles that depolarize & contract (QRS complex))

Catalyst & substrate

catalyst: Accelerates a chemical reaction, LOWERS activation energy

substrate: Either the target molecule is transformed or the physical surface where the catalyst is anchored

Platelet functions

Form blood clots to stop bleeding