enzyme/bio stuff

how many bonds can carbon form?

4 → CH → carb or lipid organic

mono

one

poly

many

macro

large

why do u need carbohydrates?

glucose needs it and generates ATP with it

why does your body need fat (lipids)?

without fat you won’t have hormones and estrogen and our immune system loves fat

why does your body need protein?

you need it for your enzymes, hair, metabolism, nails, skin (collagen)

glucose is..

1 mono, contains CHO, 1:2:1 ratio, and molecular formula is C6H12O6

fructose is..

CHO and molecular formula is C6H12O6

sucrose is..

a disaccharide, CHO, and it’s molecular formula is C12H22O11, remember since it’s di it’s two but to bond you remove h2o

glycoside bond, bonds by..

removing water (dehydration)

disaccharide

two monomers/sugar molecules bonded together

isomer

same formula but different structures

amino acids

basic monomer/unit for proteins

R group is..

ID/behavior card

4 groups attached to central carbon

amine group, carboxylic acid group, hydrogen or alpha carbon, R group

elements present in amino acids

hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen

how can i prove glucose?

1:2:1 and CHO

if it says +H2O..

that means it;’s taken out

what gets removed to create bonds between amino acids

water/h2o

hydrolysis

add h2o, break bonds

whats the bond that forms between amino acids?

peptide bonds, happens between the carboxyl and amine group.

DNA is

deoxyribose, double stranded, runs 5 prime to 3 prime: 5 carbons making a bond reaches to 3 prime carbon position

RNA is

ribose, single stranded, two OH’s

a DNA nucleotide is..

the monomer of a nucleic acid

3 parts that make up a nucleotide

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base

C-G

has 3 hydrogen bonds=strong and stable

purine

2 nitrogen rings

pyrimidine

1 nitrogen ring

purine always..

bonds with pyrimidine

what’s always included for nucleotide?

phosphate

how does DNA bond to nucleotides?

through hydrogen bonds

do lipids follow the 1:2:1 ratio of CHO?

no

what is being removed to create the bonds to form the triglyceride?

water, meaning dehydration synthesis

hydrophobic

doesn’t like water

unsaturated fats

double bonded

poly-unsaturated fat would be..

multiple unsaturated fats joined together

lipids

hormones→estrogen→immunity

elements present in amino acid

hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen

amino acids

alanine, glycine, cysteine

basic monomer for sugar

glucose

nucleic acid

DNA and RNA

main carb

glucose

elements present in glucose, fructose, sucrose.

CHO, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

monomer of nucleic acid

nucleotide

triglyceride molecule

blood fat, main fat

saturated fats

single bonds, more hydrogen is sold around room temperature and can stack up in arteries

unsaturated fats

double bond - less hydrogen cannot stack up in arteries and is liquid at room temperature

poly-unsaturated fat

many bonds more than 2

why do you think saturated fats build up fat/plaque in arteries

because they build straight and they are solid in the arteries because of the amount of Hydrogen

sugar 5c

carbon

carboxylic acid group

COOH

r - side chain

determines the amino acid, ID behavior card

amino group

NH2