Bryophytes Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards to review key concepts about bryophytes, their structure, reproduction, and lifecycle.

Bryophytes are classified as __ plants.

Nonvascular

The dominant generation in bryophytes is __.

Gametophyte

The sphorophyte generation in bryophytes is __ on the gametophyte.

Dependent

Bryophytes produce __ sperm that require water for fertilization.

Motile

The three phyla that classify bryophytes are Marchantiophyta, Anthocerotophyta, and __.

Bryophyta

In bryophytes, hydroids and rhizoids serve to __.

Transport water and anchor the plant

Mosses are an example of the __ phylum.

Bryophyta

Matrotrophy refers to the nourishment of the embryo by the __ gametophyte.

Maternal

The __ structure in bryophytes is responsible for gamete production.

Gametangia

The male reproductive structure in bryophytes is called the __.

Antheridium

The female reproductive structure in bryophytes is called the __.

Archegonium

In mosses, spores are released from the __ when conditions are favorable.

Capsule

The specialized dispersal mechanism in Marchantia involves structures called __.

Elaters

The structure that anchors bryophytes but is not involved in water transport is called __.

Rhizoid

The term __ refers to the body of bryophytes that lacks differentiation into true roots, stems, and leaves.

Thallus

The __ generation is defined as the spore-producing generation in bryophytes.

Sporophyte

Sphagnum moss has a water-holding capacity up to __ times its dry weight.

20

The __ phase of the gametophyte is a one-cell-thick plate of cells in Sphagnum moss.

Protonema

The cells that conduct food in some bryophytes are called __.

Leptoids

True vascular tissue is characterized by the presence of and .

Xylem and phloem

The condition __ refers to gametophytes that produce gametes for both sexes.

Bisexual

Bryophytes are often found in __ habitats, particularly moist environments.

Moist

The __ of bryophytes is unbranched and consists of a single sporangium.

Sporophyte

The sporangium of Bryophyta commonly has __ as a specialized structure for spore dispersal.

Peristome

In bryophytes, fertilization occurs in the __.

Archegonium

The __ of bryophytes lacks hydroids and has unicellular rhizoids.

Phylum Marchantiophyta

Hornworts are classified under the phylum __.

Anthocerophyta

The dominant form in the lifecycle of bryophytes is the __ phase.

Haploid Gametophyte

The release of spores from the capsule in mosses is often described as __ release.

Explosive

Bryophytes lack true __, as they do not have lignified vascular tissues.

Roots

The __ is a covering derived from the archegonium that protects the capsule.

Calyptra

The sperm-producing structure in mosses is contained in the __ head.

Antheridial

In bryophytes, the __ facilitates nutrient transfer from gametophyte to sporophyte.

Placentation

The gametophyte of Bryophyta typically exhibits __ morphology.

Leafy

In liverworts, most gametophytes develop directly from __.

Spores

The __ stage is a juvenile form that occurs before the mature gametophyte.

Protonemata

The term __ is used to describe structures that grow directly from the thallus for asexual reproduction.

Gemmae

The life cycle of bryophytes includes stages of gametophyte, fertilization, zygote, and __.

Sporophyte