HPEX 440- chap 14 obesity and type 2 diabetes

what % of women and what % of men are obese

40% women

35% men

obesity is linked to

physical inactivity hypertension type 2 diabetes osteoarthritis cancer CVD and early mortality by 10-12 yr

creeping obesity

gaining weight a little and litttle over the years but not enough to notic at one time unitl suddenly you wake uo and realize youve gained weight

body composition

the bodys relative amount of fatt ,ass and fat free mass

• fat minerals (bone) water protein

essential fat is

crucial for normal body functioning

BLANK % of total body weight in males

3-5%

BLANK % of total body weight in females

8-12%

most fat is storage in fat cells is

under the skin or adipose tussue (subcataneous fat) and around major organs (visceral (not good fat) or intra-abdominal fat)

scientist believe that the average americal life expertancy will soon decline by

5 yr

excess body fat and wellness

• metabolic stndrome, diabetes, and premature death

• body fat distribution and health

• performance of physcial activity

• emotional wellness and self image

distribution of body fat is an important indicator of

health

what are the 2 recognozed shpes

• andriod

• gynoid

andriod body shape

fat stored around upur chest and stomach (mostly men)

gynoid body shape

fat stored around waist and hips (mostly women)

excessive fat in the abdominal rehion increase the risk of many dieases such as

• diabetes

• heart disease

• stroke

• certain cancers

• early mortality

measurement methods

• anthropometric methos (collecting statisics or measurements relavant to the human body)

• hught, wight, and body max index (BMI)

• circumferences (WHR)

• skinfold measurements

what is the formula for BMI

kg/m²

is BMI a measure of body composition

no

body composition refers to

the relative amounts of fat and fat-free tissues

the DEXA is the

gold standard

a health range of % body fat

20-30% women

10-22 males

obesity is often defined as a % of body fat greater than

35% women

25% men

important to consider how to approach exercise management in individuals with mult chronic conditions bc

there is a large group of people with mult chronic conditions

other problems

• sleep apnea

• osteroarthritis

• type 2 diabetes

• cancer

• hypertension

• depression

gastric bypass

gold standard of obesity surgeries. this produre alters how your stomach and small intestine handles the food being consumed. following surgery the stomach will be smaller with a feeling of fullness with less amounts of food

sleeve gastretomy

Approximately 80% of the stomach is removed during sleeve gastrectomy this procedure decreases the size of the stomach and restricts the amount of food a patients is able to consume

adjustable gastic band

involes placing a soft silicone ring that includes an expandable ballon in the center around the top part of the stomach it creates a two compartment stomach which much smaller part above the band where the amount of food consumed can only fill the top part of the stomach

treatments

• wight loss program

• diet

• exercise

Individual with CVD risk factors serious health problems on its own

often a precursor to other serious chronic conditions

it is possible to be both heavy and health

gynoid vs android obesity

wight/body types can have direct consequences with

regard to performing exercise biomechanical and thermal aspects of exercise are the main obesity-relaed issues

common issues with obesity and exercise are related to

biomechanics and extra work of carrying more weight

biomechanics effects on exercise response

mechanical and thermal stress increase

biomechanics effects on exercise capacity

• decrease aerobic capacity in ml/kg.min

• back/joint pain

• hypertension

• dyslipidemia

• diabetes

obesity with no comorbidity/disability

150-250 moderate PA

obesity with disability or hight conorbid burden

150-250 moderate PA

• supervision of skilled exercise specialist stronhly advised

people with type 1 diabetes

dont produce insulin

people with type 2 diabetes

dont respond to insulin as well as they should and laster in the disease often dont make enough insulin

type 2 is most common form of

diabetes (90-95% all cases) and is frequenty linked with obesity

type 2 diabetes risks

• decrease insulin sensitivity

• high fasting blood glucose

• decreased insulin production

• activation of proinflammatory pathways

• reduced pancreatic ability to produce insulin

• acceleraed microvasular diseas

• vascular dsyfunction and stiffening

• vision problems

risk factos diabetes mellitus

• advance age

• genetics

preventable measures of diabetes mellitus

• hypertension

• dyslipidemia

• low level of LDL

• cholesterol

• high level of triglycerides

• being overweight or obese

signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus

• increase thirst

• increase hungwe

• blurred vission

• frequent urination

• dry mouth

• feeling tired and weak

• wounds that will not heal

management

• take your diabetes medication or insulin on time

• check your blood glucose

• eat right and dont skip meals

• physcial activity

• maintain a healthy weight

underwight

<18.5

normal

18.5-24.9

overweight

25-29.9

obesity 1

30-34.9

obesity 2

35-39.9

obesity 3

>40

men body weight

>103cm (>40in)

women body weight

>88cm (>35in)

HDL men

<40

HDL

<50

triglycerides

>150

elevated blood pressure

>130 or >85