Chemistry 30: Organic Chemistry Quiz 2

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Last updated 3:48 AM on 2/13/23
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11 Terms

1
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Addition Reactions
• Double and triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes allow them to undergo addition reactions

• Double bond → single bond

• Triple bond→ double bond

• Reactant must be unsaturated

• Two reactants → one product
• Double and triple bonds in alkenes and alkynes allow them to undergo addition reactions • Double bond → single bond • Triple bond→ double bond • Reactant must be unsaturated • Two reactants → one product
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Elimination Reactions
• Atoms are removed from an organic molecule \\n and a double bond forms between the carbons from which atoms were removed

• Single bond → double bond

• Reactant saturated

• One reactant → two products
• Atoms are removed from an organic molecule \\n and a double bond forms between the carbons from which atoms were removed • Single bond → double bond • Reactant saturated • One reactant → two products
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Substitution Reactions
• Hydrogen atom or functional group is replaced by a different functional group

• No change in bond type (single vs. double vs. triple)

• Saturated → saturated

• Reactant must be saturated (or aromatic)

• Two reactants → two products
• Hydrogen atom or functional group is replaced by a different functional group • No change in bond type (single vs. double vs. triple) • Saturated → saturated • Reactant must be saturated (or aromatic) • Two reactants → two products
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Esterification Reactions
• Alcohol combines with carboxylic acid to \n produce ester and water \n • An example of a condensation reaction \n – Two molecules combine to form a larger molecule \n as well as a small, stable molecule (such as water) \n • Many flavors and aromas of fruits and spices \n are due to esters
• Alcohol combines with carboxylic acid to \n produce ester and water \n • An example of a condensation reaction \n – Two molecules combine to form a larger molecule \n as well as a small, stable molecule (such as water) \n • Many flavors and aromas of fruits and spices \n are due to esters
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Hydrocarbon Derivatives
\-organic compounds containing elements other than C and H

\-defined by functional groups → the arrangement is responsible for behaviour
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Alcohols
• Hydroxyl group

– R-OH \\n

• Hydrogen bonding -> Water soluble

– Higher boiling points than hydrocarbons

\-ends with ”-ol”
• Hydroxyl group – R-OH \\n • Hydrogen bonding -> Water soluble – Higher boiling points than hydrocarbons \-ends with ”-ol”
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Alkyl Halides (Halogenated Hydrocarbons)
• Halogen group

– -F, -Cl, -Br, -I

• May have dipole-dipole

– Higher boiling points than hydrocarbons

– Not water soluble

\-ends with “-ane”, “-ene”, or “-yne”
• Halogen group – -F, -Cl, -Br, -I • May have dipole-dipole – Higher boiling points than hydrocarbons – Not water soluble \-ends with “-ane”, “-ene”, or “-yne”
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Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxyl Group:

– R-COOH

• Hydrogen bonding

– Water soluble

– Higher boiling points than hydrocarbons and alcohols
• Carboxyl Group: – R-COOH • Hydrogen bonding – Water soluble – Higher boiling points than hydrocarbons and alcohols
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Esters
• Form from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

• Water is also produced

\-Since ester molecules cannot experience hydrogen bonding amongst one another, they are expected to have lower boiling points than similar alcohols and c. acids.

\
• Form from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid • Water is also produced \-Since ester molecules cannot experience hydrogen bonding amongst one another, they are expected to have lower boiling points than similar alcohols and c. acids. \
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complete hydrocarbon combustion
\-blue flame

\-has excess oxygen
\-blue flame \-has excess oxygen
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incomplete hydrocarbon combustion
\-orange flame

\-has limiting oxygen

\-also produces C (soot) and CO
\-orange flame \-has limiting oxygen \-also produces C (soot) and CO