Intro To The Civil Rights Movement 2.1

Brown v Board Of Education

Overturned plessy v Ferguson, overturned seperat but equal in education

13th amendment

Abolished slavery

14th amendment

Equal protection under the law

15th amendment

Right to vote

Civil Rights act of 1866

Added equal rights in contracts and employment economic improvement

Kkk

Terror group

1877

Corrupt deal, withdraw of federal troops (hays in office) — end to reconstruction

Sharecropping

Semi slavery, blacks farmed the land but whites made the profit

Lynching

Murder of black men and children by mobs

Poll taxes

Had to pay to vote

Literacy tests

Meant to keep illiterate (blacks) from voting

Grandfather clause

Could only vote if grandfather had been able to vote (excluded blacks)

The lost year

Virginia closed schools for a while as result of integration — part of mass resistance

Montgomery Bus boycott

One of the first major widespread protests against segregation

Grass roots movement

Freedom Rides

Meant to put pressure onto government in order to make them take federal action against segregation

Mixed groups of whites and blacks traveling across the nation

Faced violence

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commity (SNCC)

Youth led org. to coordinate local movements

NAACP

Interracial endeavor to end segregation

Malcom x

Advocated for separate black state through violence

Nation of Islam

Reinforced black power philosophies, advocated for militarism

Massive Resistance

policy adopted by Virginia state gov to block desegregation of schools by cutting off state funds and closing public schools

White Citizens’ council

White supremacist, wanted to socially and economically oppress blacks

Little Rock

Attempt to desegregate school by 9 black students

Faced mobs and resistance

SCLC

Created by MLK JR to help unite local groups and sustain Montgomery bus boycotts

Southern Manifesto

Opposed the Brown v. Board ruling ad encouraged white southerners to openly defy the court rulings